Naming Compounds and Writing
Formulas for
Acids and Bases
Professional Hittite Engineer Exam
Calculate the smallest limb diameter
on a persimmon tree that will support
a 10-pound possum.
Naming Acids and Bases:
At the conclusion of our time together, you
should be able to:
1. List 3 properties of acids and bases
2. Name a binary and oxy- (ternary) acid
3. Name a base
6 Types Of Chemical Compounds
•Binary ionic
- metal ion – nonmetal ion
•Binary molecular - two nonmetals
•Ternary ionic
- at least one ion is a
polyatomic ion
•Binary acid
- H – nonmetal
•Ternary acid
- H – Polyatomic ion
•Base
- metal ion – OH
Acids & Bases

Their Properties
Properties of Acids
Taste sour
 Itchy on skin, will burn if concentrated
 Turns Blue litmus paper Red
 Red litmus paper stays Red
Reacts with Base - Neutralization:
Acid + Base  Salt + Water
Ex: Vinegar, Citrus Fruit

Properties of Bases
Taste Bitter
 Feel Slippery
 Turns Red litmus paper Blue
 Blue litmus paper stays Blue
Reacts with Acid - Neutralization:
Acid + Base  Salt + Water
Ex: Soap, Milk of Magnesia, Most Cleaners

Things You Can Learn
From Your Dog!!
When your loved one comes home, run to greet
him/her.
Eat with gusto to show your appreciation for the
meal.
The Fourth Category Of Compounds Is
Binary Acids.
•These compounds begin with hydrogen since they are
“acids”.
•Attached to the hydrogen is a nonmetal ion
•Hydrogen – nonmetal ion
What are Binary Acids?
Binary means two elements
Naming
All binary acids follow the pattern as shown next:
Naming Binary Acids
Contain “H” and one other element (nonmetal)
To Name:
Hydro + second element name shortened (stem)
+ ic + acid
Ex: HCl = Hydro chlorine – ine + ic acid
Hydrochloric acid
HF =
Hydroflouric acid

Prefix
Hydro-
Stem or root
of nonmetal
< NM >
Suffix
-ic
acid
HCl is a binary acid – hydrogen - nonmetal
HCl
Hydro chlor ic
HI
Hydro iod ic acid
H2S
Hydro sulfur ic acid
acid
The Fifth Category Of Compounds Is Ternary
Acids.
•These compounds begin with hydrogen since they are
“acids”.
•Attached to the hydrogen is a polyatomic ion
•Hydrogen – polyatomic ion
New Element On The Periodic Table
Element:
Woman
Symbol:
Xx
Atomic Mass:
120 (More Or Less)
Before we name ternary acids lets learn some
variations on the polyatomic ions…
•The standard ions that you have memorized that end in –
ate can be changed by adding or subtracting oxygens
to form 3 more ions.
Let’s see what happens when we add or subtract
oxygens…
Ion
Name
BrO41-
Perbromate
BrO31-
Bromate
BrO21-
Bromite
BrO1-
Hypobromite
Let’s try it again…
Ion
Name
SO52-
Persulfate
SO42-
Sulfate
SO32-
Sulfite
SO22-
Hyposulfite
Now let’s use this information to name ternary
acids, acids with polyatomic ions…
•The standard ions that you have memorized that end in –
ate can be changed by adding or subtracting oxygens
to form 3 more ions that can make 3 more acids.
Naming Ternary (Oxy)Acids (cont.)
Contain “H”, “O” and one more element
To Name:
Polyatomic ion “ate”  “ic” + acid
Ex: HNO3 = Nitr-ate  ic + acid
Nitric acid
HClO3 =
Chloric acid


An easy way to remember which goes with which…
 “In the cafeteria, you ATE something ICky”
Naming Acids (cont.)
If the acid has one more oxygen than the base acid,
the naming goes as follows:
To Name:
Per + Polyatomic ion “ate”  “ic” + acid
Ex: HNO4 = Per + Nitr-ate  ic + acid
Pernitric acid
H2SO5 =
Persulfuric acid

Naming Acids (cont.)
If the acid has one less oxygen than the base acid,
the naming goes as follows:
To Name:
Polyatomic ion “ite”  “ous” + acid
Ex: HNO2 = Nitr-ite  ous + acid
Nitrous acid
H2SO3 =
Sulfurous acid

Naming Acids (cont.)
If the acid has two less oxygens than the base acid,
the naming goes as follows:
To Name:
Hypo + Polyatomic ion “ite”  “ous” + acid
Ex: HNO = Hypo + nitr-ite  ous + acid
Hyponitrous acid
HClO =
Hypochlorous acid

New Element On The Periodic Table
(cont.)
Physical Properties of Xx:
Generally round in form. Boils at nothing and may freeze
anytime. Melts whenever treated properly. Very bitter if
not used well.
Chemical Properties:
Very active. Possesses strong affinity to gold, silver,
platinum, and precious stones. Violent when left alone.
Able to absorb great amount of exotic food. Turns
slightly green when placed beside a better specimen.
Ages rapidly.
Summary of Naming Ternary Acids
Acid Nomenclature Flowchart
ACIDS
start with 'H'
2 elements
3 elements
hydro- prefix
-ic ending
no hydro- prefix
-ate ending
becomes
-ic ending
-ite ending
becomes
-ous ending
Writing Acids
Phosphoric acid
H1+
H3PO4
PO43-
This is a Ternary acid (does not
begin with “hydro-”.
The “-ic” suffix indicates that the
polyatomic ion in this acid has a
suffix of “-ate” - phosphate
Assume that hydrogen is +1 and
balance the charges.
Writing Acids (cont.)
Hypochlorous acid This is a Ternary acid (does not
begin with “hydro-”.
+1
-1
H
ClO
The “-ous” suffix indicates that the
polyatomic ion in this acid has a
HClO
suffix of “-ite” – hypochlorite
1 less oxygen
Hypo- means 1 more oxygen less
Assume that hydrogen is +1 and
balance the charges.
New Element On The Periodic Table
(cont.)
Usage of Xx:
Highly ornamental. An extremely good catalyst for
disintegration of wealth. Probably the single most
powerful income reducing agent known.
Caution:
Highly explosive in inexperienced hands.
Naming Bases


Name the metal first
Add hydroxide
Ex:
NaOH =
KOH =
Sodium hydroxide
Potassium hydroxide
Practice Naming Bases
Formula
NaOH
Name
Sodium hydroxide
Fe(OH)3
Iron (III) hydroxide
Mg(OH)2
Magnesium hydroxide
Ni(OH)2
Nickel (II) hydroxide
NH4OH
Ammonium hydroxide
Naming Acids and Bases:
At the conclusion of our time together, you
should be able to:
1. List 3 properties of acids and bases
2. Name a binary and oxy- (ternary) acid
3. Name a base
Chemical Compound Quiz
Hypochlorous acid helps get the laundry
white and bright. What is the common name?
Bleach
Summary of Naming Ternary Acids
Acid Nomenclature Flowchart
ACIDS
start with 'H'
2 elements
3 elements
hydro- prefix
-ic ending
no hydro- prefix
-ate ending
becomes
-ic ending
-ite ending
becomes
-ous ending
Exit Quiz Naming Bases
Formula
LiOH
Name
Lithium hydroxide
Mn(OH)3
Manganese (III) hydroxide
Ca(OH)2
Calcium hydroxide
Cu(OH)2
Copper (II) hydroxide
KOH
Potassium hydroxide
Exit Quiz Naming Acids
Acid
Name
H2SO5
Persulfuric acid
H2SO4
Sulfuric acid
H2SO3
Sulfurous acid
H2SO2
Hyposulfurous acid
Exit Quiz Naming Acids
Acid
Name
H2CO4
Percarbonic acid
H2CO3
Carbonic acid
H2CO2
Carbonous acid
H4C
Hydrocarbonic acid
Exit Quiz Naming Acids
Acid
HCl
HClO2
HClO
HClO4
Name
Hydrochloric acid
Chlorous acid
Hypochlorous acid
Perchloric acid
Exit Quiz Naming Various Acids
Formula
HCl
Binary or
Ternary
B
Name
Hydrochloric acid
HI
B
Hydroiodic acid
HNO2
T
Nitrous acid
H2SO5
T
Persulfuric acid
H3PO2
T
Hypophosphorous acid
H4C
B
Hydrocarbonic acid
Hittite News:
Down home in Hittiteville, folks now go
to some movies in groups of 18 or more.
They were told 17 and under are not
admitted.