Plants
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Plants What are some of the ways organisms depend on plants? What are some of the ways organisms depend on plants? • Food What are some of the ways organisms depend on plants? • Food • Shelter What are some of the ways organisms depend on plants? • Food • Shelter • Protection What are some of the ways organisms depend on plants? • Food • Shelter • Protection • Oxygen Think about your day. Turn to a neighbor and discuss specific ways you depend on plants. Is this a plant? Is this a plant? Is this a plant? Is this a plant? All plants… • Eukaryotic & multicellular • Are producers – an organism that makes its own food by using an outside energy source (the sun) • Have cell walls (organelle only in plants) • Have chloroplasts (organelle only in plants) What is a cell wall? • Provides support and protection • Make of cellulose and lignin What is a chloroplast? Organelle that converts light energy to chemical energy through a process called photosynthesis (we’ll talk about that later) How can plants be classified? Lets create a classification map (tree map) plants plants vascular Contains specialized tubes that transport water & nutrients Non-vascular Does not contain vascular tissue plants vascular Contains specialized tubes that transport water & nutrients non-vascular Does not contain vascular tissue Seedless •Reproduces by spores (needs water) •No flowers •No roots (have rhizoids) •No cuticle •Small in size •Examples: liverworts, mosses, hornworts, bryophytes Non-vascular Seedless Plants • Rhizoids helps to anchor plant • Gets water and nutrients by osmosis and diffusion Liverworts Hornworts Mosses Bryophytes plants vascular non-vascular Contains specialized tubes that transport water & nutrients Does not contain vascular tissue Seedless Seed Seedless •Larger than nonvascular seedless plants •Examples include: ferns, clubmoss and horsetails •Reproduces by spores (needs water) •No flowers •No roots (have rhizoids) •No cuticle •Small in size •Examples: liverworts, mosses, hornworts, bryophytes Vascular Seedless Plants • Contain vascular tissue in root, stem and leaves. • Tube structures transport water and nutrients. • Examples include Tree ferns, club moss and horsetail. Club Moss ferns plants non-vascular vascular Does not contain vascular tissue Contains specialized tubes that transport water & nutrients Seedless Seed Angiosperms Seedless •Larger than nonvascular Gymnosperms seedless plants •Examples include: ferns, •Cone-baring seeds clubmoss and horsetails •Example – pine, cedar, spruce •Reproduces by spores (needs water) •No flowers •No roots (have rhizoids) •No cuticle •Small in size •Examples: liverworts, mosses, hornworts, bryophytes Gymnosperm Plants Pine Tree Cedar Tree Spruce Tree Gymnosperms • Seeds produced in a cone • Group includes oldest plant and tallest plant. Bristlecone Pine - Know to live for over 5,000 years. Coast Redwood - Forest trees grow over 379 feet tall plants non-vascular vascular Does not contain vascular tissue Contains specialized tubes that transport water & nutrients Seedless Seed Angiosperms •Flowering seeds •260,000 types •Many foods and other items •Seeds as part of a fruit •Fruit grows from flowers Seedless •Larger than nonvascular Gymnosperms seedless plants •Examples include: ferns, •Cone-baring seeds club moss and horsetails •Example – pine, cedar, spruce •Reproduces by spores (needs water) •No flowers •No roots (have rhizoids) •No cuticle •Small in size •Examples: liverworts, mosses, hornworts, bryophytes Apple Tree Sunflower Lady Slipper Orchid Pumpkins Angiosperms • Grow in a variety of habitats • Most food eaten by humans comes from angiosperms or animals that eat angiosperms. • Other items such as clothing, medicine, building materials. • Flowering plants Types of Angiosperms Monocots Dicots • Narrow leaves with parallel veins. • Flowers with parts in multiples of threes • Leaves with branched veins • Stems – vascular tissue in bundles scattered throughout the stem • Stems – vascular tissue in bundles in rings • Seeds – one cotyledon • Seeds – two cotyledons • Flowers with parts in multiples of four or five P a r t s of a plant Parts of a plant flower leaf stem roots Parts of a plant flower Leaf •major site of photosynthesis •Captures light energy and converts to chemical energy to provide food. stem roots Parts of a plant flower leaf Stem •Connects the roots to the leaves •Supports branches and leaves •Transports (moves) water, minerals and food. roots Parts of a plant flower leaf stem Roots •Vital •Anchors •Keeps plant upright •Absorbs water •Stores food (sugar) – ex: radishes, carrots, potatoes, etc. •Absorbs minerals from the soil Parts of a plant Flower •Attract insects to help the plant reproduce. •Part of the plant that has the reproductive organs leaf stem roots Parts of a plant leaf Cuticle • Waxy protective layer on leaves, stem and flowers • Provides protection from insects • Slows evaporation of water stem roots Parts of a flower Stamen Male part of flower, produces pollen Parts of a Flower Petal Colorful part that attracts pollinators Sepal Protects the flower before it opens Pistil The female part of the plant Anther Produces and carries pollen Filament Fine hair like stalk the anther sits on Stigma Sticky bulb that receives the pollen grains Style Long stalk that the stigma sits on Ovary Has seeds inside Ovule The part of the ovary that becomes the seed Video – “Life” by BBC • Take notes during the video. • We will be stopping and answering some questions in your INB What are mangroves? Mangroves are various kinds of trees and shrubs that grow in saltwater habitats in the tropics and subtropics. Location of Mangroves around the world Mangroves Activity • Cut out Mangrove article and paste on right side of notebook • Number paragraphs • Circle at least 2 vocabulary words per paragraph (pick one color) • Read article, underline any important information (another color - no more than 5 words per underline) Create a “1 – Pager” • On the left side of the INB (use different color for each) • Make a boarder with all the vocabulary words you circled in the article • In the top ¼ of the page - create a title • Next ¼ draw a picture to represent what you read • Pick most important vocabulary words and make a mini boarder around your picture. • Choose the most important quote from the words that your underlined and rewrite it in the next ¼ • In the last ¼ of the page, create 1 (or more) higher order thinking question based on the reading…and…. • Answer the HOT question Share…. • Take 3 sticky notes and write your name on them. • Visit 3 other notebooks and look at their 1pager • Leave your sticky notes on the pages you view Photosynthesis • A series of chemical reactions that convert light energy, water and carbon dioxide into the food-energy molecule glucose and give off oxygen. • Occurs in the chloroplasts • Chloroplasts contain the pigment chlorophyll, a chemical that absorbs and reflects light. • Leaves appear green because the chlorophyll reflects green light and absorbs all the other colors of light. Photosynthesis 6CO₂ + 6H₂O Light energy Chlorophyll • • • • • • C=Carbon O=oxygen H=hydrogen CO₂ = carbon dioxide H₂O = water CH₂O = sugar/glucose C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ Cellular Respiration • All organisms require energy (usable power) to survive. • Energy is in the chemical bonds in food molecules. • Cellular respiration is a series of chemical reactions that convert the energy in food molecules into a useable form of energy called ATP. Cellular Respiration • ATP= (adenosine triphosphate) • ATP is the energy used for all cellular processes (everything the every cell does) • Example: muscle contraction uses 2 million ATP molecules per second. Without ATP we would die. Cellular Respiration Cellular Respiration takes place in the mitochondrion of the cells in ALL living things. C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ (glucose) 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + ATP (energy) Model of Photosynthesis and Respiration http://www.biology.ualberta.ca/facilities/multimedia/uploads/alberta/Photo.html • Cut and glue picture on right side under notes. • Draw arrows on picture to match website address image for the direction of CO2, H2O and O2. • Color carbon dioxide circles orange, oxygen red circles and water blue circles (on picture and legend)
