Introduction to plants
Chapter 12
Warm up
• How many types of plants do you know? Can
you name them.
Objectives
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Identify four characteristics that all plants share.
Distinguish between sporophyte and gametophyte.
Define nonvascular plants.
Define vascular plants.
Recognize mosses an an example of nonvascular
plants.
• Describe the life cycle of a moss.
• Recognize ferns as seedless vascular plants.
• Describe the lifecycle of a fern.
Introduction
• How can you differentiate a plant from an animal?
Characteristics of plants
• Plants come in different sizes and different
shapes. So, what do cactuses, water lilies ferns
and all other plants have in common?
1-
2- Cuticle
• Most plants live on dry land and need sunlight
to live. But why don’t plants dry out?
• A cuticle is a waxy layer that coats most of the
surfaces of plants that are exposed to air and
keeps plants from drying out.
3- cell wall
• How do plants stay upright?
• Carbohydrates and proteins in the cell wall form a
hard material.
• Cell wall support and protect the plant cell.
4- Reproduction
• Plants have two stages in their lifecycle:
1- the sporophyte stage
2- the gametophyte stage
Sporophyte and gametophyte stages
Sporophyte stage
• In this stage the plant make spores. In a
suitable conditions such as damp soil the
spore of some plants grow. These new plants
are now called gametophyte.
Gametophyte stage
• During this stage, female gametophytes
produce eggs and male gametophyte produce
sperms.
• Egg and sperm are sex cells. Once they join
the fertilized egg grows into a sporophyte that
makes spores and the cycle starts again.
Plant classification
• Although all plants share basic characteristics,
they can be classified into four groups.
• At first plants can be:
1- vascular plants
2- nonvascular plants
Vascular and nonvascular plants
Nonvascular plants
• Examples: Moses, liverworts and hornworts.
• They don’t have specialized tissues to move
water and nutrients through the plant.
• Depend on diffusion to move materials from
one part to another.
• They are small in size.
Vascular plants
They have vascular tissue: specialized tissue for
the transport of water and nutrients.
• They can be of different sizes and shapes.
• Live almost everywhere
• Have true roots, stems and leaves.
• Are divided into three groups: seedless
plants, flowering plants with seeds and
nonflowering plants with seeds
Seedless plants
Seedless plants
Vascular Plants
Nonvascular
Plants
Ferns
Mosses,
liverworts and
hornworts
Types of Mosses
Characteristics of Mosses
• No true roots, No
vascular tissues (no
transport)
• Simple stems & leaves
• Have rhizoids for
anchorage.
• Live in Damp terrestrial
land
Life cycle of mosses
Seedless vascular plants: Ferns
• roots, feathery leaves & underground stems
• have vascular tissues (transport & support)
• Spore-producing organ on the underside of
leaves (reproduction)
• Damp & shady places
• Example: ferns, horsetail and club mosse
Wrap up
• What are the four characteristics between
plants?
• Describe the lifecycle of a plant.
• Classify the different groups of plants.
• Differentiate between mosses and ferns.
• What is the difference between gametophyte
of a moss and that of a fern.
Assignments
• The skill worksheets
• Section review