BIOLOGY 11
NONVASCULAR PLANTS
General Characteristics
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____________________ is the dominant generation
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Do not have true _______________, _______________ or _______________
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Flagellated _______________ swim in a thin film of water to the egg  zygote develops into a
_______________ that is attached to the gametophyte shoot for _______________
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Spores dispersed by the _______________
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Low lying plants  lack efficient means to transport _______________ very high
Division Anthocerotophyta (Hornworts)
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Grow as a thin _______________ or ribbon-like _______________ 1 to 5 cm in diameter
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Chloroplasts fused with other organelles to for a _______________  manufactures and stores
food (_______________ characteristic)
Division Hepatophyta (Liverworts)
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10 000 species

Have a _______________ appearance
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Asexual reproduction is by _______________ on the surface of the thallus

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Gemmae are groups of cells that can become detached and grow into a ____________________
Sexual reproduction involves male and female ____________________
Division Bryophyta (Mosses)
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12 000 species

Most found in damp, shaded locations  require _______________ for sexual reproduction

Can reproduce asexually by ____________________
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Sporophyte is dependant upon the more conspicuous ____________________; that means it is the
gametophyte generation that ____________________ and the sporophyte generation draws its
nourishment from the gametophyte generation
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Moss Life Cycle
Also called
a capsule
Adaptations & Uses of Nonvascular Plants

Able to colonize bare _______________ where they help to break down that rock into
_______________

Dead mosses in bogs (ex: Sphagnum moss) do not decay  called _______________ or
_______________ moss

Used in gardens to improve _________________________ capacity of soils