Name: __________________________________________________ Date: ___________ Period: __________
Earth Science Chapter 19 Study Guide
1. The force exerted by the weight of air is known as _________________________________________.
2. In what direction(s) does air pressure exert? _______________________________________________
3. Air pressure is measured with 2 devices: _____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________
4. What is the ultimate source of energy for most wind? ____________________________
5. What force generates winds? ________________________________________________________________
6. What three forces influence winds? ___________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
7. The lines on a weather map that connect points of equal pressure are called __________________________.
8. On a weather map, closely spaced isobars indicate a ___________________ pressure gradient and
_____________ winds.
9. Widely spaced isobars indicate ____________________ winds.
10. Fast-moving air currents above the friction layer are known as ______________________________.
11. The Coriolis Effect influences _____________________________________________________________.
12. The Coriolis Effect is strongest at ______________________ and weakest at _______________________.
13. In the Northern Hemisphere, winds in a _____________ pressure system blow counterclockwise
_________________________ the center of the system.
14. In the Southern Hemisphere, winds in a _____________ pressure system blow clockwise
_________________________ the center of the system.
15. In the Northern Hemisphere, winds in a _____________ pressure system blow clockwise
___________________________________ the center of the system.
16. Centers of low pressure are called ______________________; centers of high pressure are called
___________________________________.
17. Fair weather, ____________ conditions, and _______________________________ air are associated with
______________ pressure and ___________________________.
18. Lows generally move in a ______________ to _____________ direction across the U.S. and can produce
__________________ weather.
19. The path of a low pressure system is _______________________________ and may take up to
________________________ to cross the U.S.
20. __________________________________________________________ is the process where a net inward
movement of air causes an air mass to shrink.
21. _____________________________ are seasonal changes in wind direction associated with large
landmasses next to bodies of water.
22. The ___________________________________ blow between the equator and subtropical highs.
23. The deserts in Australia and the Sahara are associated with ______________________________________.
24. The only truly continuous pressure belt on Earth is the _______________________ Hemisphere
___________________________________.
24. Large landmasses such as Asia often develop ______________ pressure systems in the winter.
25. The pressure zone near the equator is the ________________________________________.
26. If the Earth did not rotate, air would rise and move toward _______________________, then sink and move
toward ___________________________________.
27. Valley, mountain, sea, and land breezes are all examples of _________________ winds.
28. Sea breezes happen _________________________________ and move from __________ to ___________.
29. Land breezes happen _______________________________ and move from __________ to ___________.
30. A __________________________ wind consistently blows from one direction more often than any other.
31. An __________________________ is used to measure wind.
32. How are winds labeled or named? __________________________________________________________
33. Colder than average surface temperatures in the eastern Pacific are associated with ___________________.
34. El Niño impacts the ______________________ and ________________________ industries in Ecuador
and Peru as well as the _______________________.