 an individual who, on religious,
moral or ethical grounds, refuses
to participate as a combatant in
war
 Would be given non-combat
positions or they would face jail
sentences
 Truce that officially ends a war
 On
th
th
the 11 hour, of the 11
day of the 11th month 1918,
WWI officially ended
 Germany 1.7 million
 AH 1.25 million
 Italy 460,000
 Russia- 1.75 million
 France- 1.4 million
 Great Britain- 760,000
 British Empire- 251,900
 USA- 114,000
 Total deaths are estimated
between 8 and 10 million
 estimated global mortality
from the 1918-1919 pandemic
at anywhere between 30 and
50 million. An estimated
675,000 Americans were
among the dead.
Russian Revolution, November
1917.
 People calling themselves
Bolsheviks overthrows
government.
 Communists, led by V.I. Lenin.
 Take Russia out of war with
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk.


Lenin’s body is on permanent display in the
Lenin Mausoleum in Moscow’s Red Square.



14 Points (January
1918)- Wilson’s 14
part plan for peace
Establish democracy
League of Nationscongress of nations
to settle international
disputes
Allies disagree, want Germany
to be punished.
 “Big Four” meet at Palace of
Versailles outside Paris.

 Wilson – U.S.
 David Lloyd George – Great
Britain
 Georges Clemenceau – France
 Vittorio Orlando - Italy
 No members of the Central
Powers were invited
 Wilson and the other leaders
clashed
 Britain and France wanted
Germany to pay
Germany accepts responsibility for
starting the war (War Guilt Clause)
 War Reparations (repaying $$)- $33
billion
 Germany had to return Alsace-Lorraine
to France
 Germany’s army reduced in size

 Czechoslovakia and
Yugoslavia were created
 Estonia, Finland, Latvia and
Lithuania became free states
 Self-Determination- people
decide how to run their
country after the war
 The US Congress refused to
join the League of Nations or
agree to the Treaty of
Versailles
 Wilson campaigned the
nation and suffered a stroke