Monday, February 11, 2013
National Make a Friend Day
•Return Chapter 3 Quests and Homework
•Review the Quest
•Begin Chapter 3 (Biology)
•Phrenology CER and Discussion
Tuesday, February 12, 2013
Abraham Lincoln’s Birthday
• Begin Chapter 3
• Receive Chapter 3 Notes Guide
• Receive Pre/Post Reading Activity
Learning Target:
Learn the major
divisions and
• Start discussing the Nervous System subdivisions of the
Nervous System
• Create 3D Diagram of the Nervous
and the
System and its parts
responsibilities of
each.
• Bring your books tomorrow!!!
Chapter 3 Pre/Post Reading Activity- MANDATORY
Due Thursday, February 13
Wednesday, February 13, 2013
• Continue discussing the
Nervous System
• Cornell Notes (pages 57-59)
• Sympathetic/
Parasympathetic
Demonstration
Learning Target:
Learn the major
divisions and
subdivisions of the
Nervous System
and the
responsibilities of
each.
Chapter 3 Pre/Post Reading Activity- MANDATORY
Due Thursday, February 13
Cornell Notes (pages 57-59)
1. Read about the central and peripheral nervous
systems. Take notes as you read in the notes section
on the right side of your sheet.
2. Next, read over your notes and write questions in the
column on the left.
1. Some basic/ factual questions
2. At Least TWO upper level questions
3. Summarize everything on the bottom of the last
page. This should be at least a few sentences long.
Thursday, February 14, 2013
Happy Valentine’s Day/ Happy National Organ Donor’s Day!
•Collect Chapter 3 Pre/Post
Reading Activity and
Cornell Notes
•Begin discussing Neurons
•Neuron four-square activity
Nervous System and Neuron Quiz
Wednesday, February 20
Learning Target:
Learn the major
parts of a neuron
and the
responsibility of
those parts.
Tuesday, February 19, 2013
• Cornell Notes
• Finish Foursquare
• Discuss Neurotransmitters
• Name that Neurotransmitter
Learning Targets:
-Review the divisions of
nervous systems.
-Learn the major parts
of a neuron and the
responsibility of those
parts.
Neuron Review Sheet (last page of notes- optional)
Due Wednesday, February 20
Nervous System and Neuron Quiz
Tomorrow: Wednesday, February 20
Wednesday, February 20, 2013
• Collect Neuron Review Sheet
• The Nervous System in the
news: http://www.independent.co.uk/lifestyle/gadgets-and-tech/news/a-sensationalbreakthrough-the-first-bionic-hand-that-can-feel8498622.html
• Nervous System/ Neuron Quiz
• Start talking about parts of the
brain
Learning Targets:
-Learn how the brain
is divided into the
forebrain, the
midbrain, and the
hindbrain.
-Learn about the
functions of parts of
the brain.
Thursday, February 21, 2013
•Finish discussion on
parts of the brain
•Brain Bingo!
• Pinky and the Brain teach us
about the brain
Learning Targets:
-Learn how the brain is
divided into the
forebrain, the midbrain,
and the hindbrain.
-Learn about the
functions of parts of the
brain.
Check out the free Brain App on your phone or iPad:
http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/3d-brain/id331399332?mt=8
The Android/Windows 7 phones have it here:
http://www.appbrain.com/app/3d-brain/org.dnalc.threedbrain
Friday, February 22, 2013
Happy 281st Birthday, George Washington!
• Recap on parts of the brain
• Talk about Hemispheres
• Right Brain/ Left Brain?
• Talk about Split-Brain
symptoms
Learning Targets:
-Learn how the brain is
divided into the left
and right hemispheres.
-Learn about the
responsibilities of each
hemisphere, and how
the two sides of the
brain communicate.
Monday, February 25, 2013
• Quick Review: divisions of the
brain
• Discuss lobes of the brain
• Make collages of the lobes
Learning Target:
Learn the
responsibilities of
each of the four
lobes, and learn how
they work together.
• Which lobe is most important to
you?
Computer project tomorrowEveryone needs to know their password for login!
Lobes of the Brain Quiz
Wednesday, February 27
Tuesday, February 26, 2013
• Brain Web Quest: Research on PBS
website using an activity guide
• Anything you are unable to finish Learning Target:
in class is homework, to be due Learn about the
history of brain
tomorrow
research
• PROJECT Grade: Mandatory!
Lobes of the Brain Quiz
Tomorrow: Wednesday, February 27
Thursday, February 28, 2013
• Turn in Brain Quest
• Lobes of the Brain Quiz
• Assignment: the Brain
Project
• Start planning
Brain Project
Due Tuesday, March 5
Chapter 3 Test
Wednesday, March 6
Learning Target:
Review lobes of the
brain- location and
function
Friday, March 1, 2013
• ACT Bell Ringer
• Discuss methods of studying
Learning Target:
the brain and view video
Learn about the
clips of each type of scan
different ways to
• Phineas Gage Reading
Brain Project
Due Tuesday, March 5
Chapter 3 Test
Wednesday, March 6
study the brain
Monday, March 4, 2013
• Discuss Nature vs. Nurture
Learning Target:
• Traits of Nature and Nurture Learn about the
Nature vs. Nurture
Debate
• Twin Studies Reading
Brain Project
Due TOMORROW: Tuesday, March 5
Chapter 3 Review Worksheet- optional
Due Wednesday, March 5
Chapter 3 Test
Wednesday, March 6
Tuesday, March 5, 2013
• Collect Brain Projects
• Review Activity
Learning Target:
Review nervous
system, neurons,
parts of the brain,
lobes of the brain,
and methods of
studying the brain
Chapter 3 Review Worksheet- optional
Due Wednesday, March 5
Chapter 3 Test TOMORROW
Wednesday, March 6
Wednesday, March 6, 2013
• Collect Chapter 3 Review
Worksheet (optional)
• Chapter 3 Test
• Bring Books to class tomorrow
Chapter 3
Biology and Behavior
This chapter is
about…
• The nervous
system
Biological
Psychology:
The ways in which
our bodies and
minds work in
relation to each
other
• Heredity
The Nervous System
• The nervous system regulates our
internal functions (what’s going on
inside our bodies)
• It is composed of two parts:
1. The Central Nervous System
2. The Peripheral Nervous System
1. The Central Nervous System
• The Central Nervous System is made up of the
brain and the spinal cord
2. Peripheral Nervous System
• Made up of nerve cells
that send messages
between the central
nervous system and
all other parts of the
body
The Central Nervous
System
(the spinal cord and brain)
The Spinal Cord
• The Spinal Cord: extends from the
brain, down the back, and is
protected by the bones in your spine
• Transmits messages between the brain
and the muscles
• Also responsible for spinal reflexes
(automatic responses to something)
• Like touching a hot stove
The Peripheral
Nervous System
1. The Autonomic Nervous System
2. The Somatic Nervous System
Autonomic Nervous System
•Regulates the body’s vital functions
(heartbeat, breathing, digestion, blood
pressure)
Autonomic  Automatic
Two Divisions of Autonomic
Nervous System
Sympathetic Nervous
System
• Used when a person is
going into action
• “Fight or Flight”
Parasympathetic
Nervous System
• Calms you back down
again after the action is
surpassed
1. Suppresses digestion
1. Digestion returns to
normal
2. Increases heart rate &
breathing rate
2. Heart rate & breathing
slows
3. Elevates blood pressure
3. Blood pressure drops
Sympathetic  Stress
Parasympathetic  Peace
Sympathetic/ Parasympathetic Demonstration
http://www.hws.edu/studentlife/media/CC%20Website%20R
elax%20Steve.mp3
Somatic Nervous System
•Transmits sensory messages to the
Central Nervous System
•Controls voluntary actions
•Like Raising your hand, scratching
your skin
Let’s make a 3D Diagram!
•Directions:
1. Provide a definition/description of your
assigned division in large, clear writing
(Not a straight-from-the-book definition!)
2.Include an image demonstrating what that
part of the nervous system is responsible
for
What the mini-poster SHOULD look like:
The Nervous System
A system made up of many parts that control our
internal functions, like thinking, feeling, and moving.
What the mini-poster SHOULD NOT look like:
The Nervous System
The body’s electrochemical
communication circuitry.
The Nervous System: Review
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ivk_irrH1WY
Neurons
• Neurons are the nerve cells that run through the
body and communicate with one another
• Send and receive messages throughout the body
• Your brain has about 100 billion neurons.
Neuron 4 Square Activity: Pgs 54-56
WHAT IS IT?
WHAT DETAILS ARE
IMPORTANT?
HOW DOES IT WORK?
WHAT DOES IT LOOK LIKE?
Neuron 4 Square Activity: Pgs 54-56
WHAT IS IT?
Nerve cells that are the
basic building block of
the nervous system
WHAT DETAILS ARE
IMPORTANT?
-Sends messages
throughout the body
-Each of us has 100 billion
throughout our bodies
HOW DOES IT WORK?
Cells run through our entire
body and communicate with
each other
WHAT DOES IT LOOK LIKE?
Summary
Part of the
Neuron
Dendrites
Cell Body
Axon
Axon Terminals
Myelin Sheath
Synapse
What is it?
How does it work/ Details
Neurons are made up of:
1. Cell Body:
provides energy
that fuels the
activity of the
cell
Neurons are made up of:
2. Dendrites: (many)
thin fibers that
branch out from
the cell body and
RECEIVE
messages from
other neurons
Neurons are made up of:
3. Axon: (only 1) a
long fiber that
carries messages
away and SENDS
them to the next
neuron
Neurons are made up of:
4. Myelin Sheath: The Axon
is covered with Myelin
Sheath, a white, fatty
substance that insulates
and protects the axon,
helping to speed up
messages
The loss of muscle control seen with multiple sclerosis is
due to a degeneration (break down) of myelin sheath.
Neurons are made up of:
5. Axon Terminals:
tiny fibers at the
end of the axon
Messages are sent from the axon terminals of
one neuron to the dendrites of another neuron.
To do this, the message must cross a synapse
Neurons are made up of:
6. Synapse: the space between the axon
terminals of one neuron and the
dendrites of another neuron
It is across this gap
that neurons
communicate with
one another
Neurotransmitters
• Neurotransmitters: chemical
messengers released from the
axon terminals
• Neurotransmitters will bind only to
specific receptors on the
postsynaptic membrane that
recognize them.
The Process of a Neuron Firing:
A. A neuron fires (sends a message) by
releasing neurotransmitters like water
from a spray bottle
B. The message is then converted into an
electrical impulse that travels though
the neuron
C. Then, it is transmitted to the next
neuron though more
neurotransmitters (chemical)
Messages travel in only one direction
Major Neurotransmitters
Neurotransmitter
Function
Disorder Associated
with Malfunction
Acetylcholine
Memory
Dopamine
Movement, reward
Alzheimer’s
Disease
Parksinson’s
Serotonin
Mood, aggression
Depression
Endorphin
Regulation of pain
No established
disorder
Norepinephrine
Sleep, mood
Depression
Ways of looking at the Brain
•Parts of the Brain
Ways of Looking at the Brain
•Hemispheres
Ways of Looking at the Brain
•Lobes
Parts of the Brain
1. The Hindbrain
2. The Midbrain
3. The Forebrain
The Hindbrain
A. The Medulla: regulates
vital functions: heart rate,
blood pressure, and
breathing
B. Cerebellum: regulates
balance and coordination
C. Reticular Activating
System (RAS): regulates
attention, sleep, and
arousal
The Midbrain
The smallest region of
the brain- helps to
relay information for
vision and hearing.
The Forebrain
A. Thalamus: relay station for sensory information
Most messages go through the thalamus- where
it is then transmitted to the correct part of
the brain
B. Hypothalamus: regulation of natural instincts
C. Amygdala: regulation of emotional reactions
D. Hippocampus: helps consolidate short-term
memories to long-term memories and regulates
spatial navigation
The Forebrain
E. Cerebrum: Biggest part of the
brain
• Accounts for about 70% of the
brain’s total weight
• The surface of the cerebrum is
called the Cerebral Cortex and
is responsible for the most
complex mental functions (like
thinking and planning)
The Limbic System
• Primarily responsible for our emotions, and
has a lot to do with the formation of
memories
•Made up of:
1. Hypothalamus
2. Amydala
3. Hippocampus
HAH= Emotion
Hemispheres
• The brain can be looked at in terms of two
sides:
• The left hemisphere and the right hemisphere
• The Corpus Callosum connects the two sides
and passes information from one side to the
other
• Information received by one side of the body is
transmitted to the opposite side of the brain
BRAIN Bingo
• On your Bingo card, fill the blank spaces with the
following terms. Write each term only once, and spread
them out on the card in random order:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Medulla
Cerebellum
Reticular Activating System
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Amydala
Hippocampus
8. Cerebral Cortex
9. Limbic System
10.Corpus Collosum
11.Midbrain
12.Neurotransmitter
13.Synapse
14.Neuron
Pinky and the Brain
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=snO68aJTOpM
Hemispheres
• The brain can be looked at in terms of two
sides:
• The left hemisphere and the right hemisphere
• The Corpus Callosum connects the two sides
and passes information from one side to the
other
• Information received by one side of the body is
transmitted to the opposite side of the brain
Hemispheres
Left Hemisphere
Language
Logic
Problem Solving
Mathematical Computation
Right Hemisphere
Music
Feelings
Art
Imagination
Hemispheres
• Language abilities are located in the left hemisphere
• There are two important language areas:
1. Broca’s Area: controls motor functions of speech
2. Wernicke’s Area: pieces together sounds and sights
• Damage to either of these areas would probably
cause aphasia (difficulty understanding and
producing language)
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1aplTvEQ6ew
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dKTdMV6cOZw
Right or Left Hemisphere?
Place the card that says “RIGHT” on the
right side of your desk. Place the card
that says “LEFT”, on the left side of your
desk. If you believe the behavior is
controlled mostly by the right
hemisphere, hold up the card that says
“RIGHT” with your right hand. If the
behavior is controlled mostly by the left
hemisphere, hold up the sign that says
“LEFT” with your left hand.
Right or Left Hemisphere?
Studying for your psychology test
LEFT
Right or Left Hemisphere?
Daydreaming about summer
vacation
RIGHT
Right or Left Hemisphere?
Listening to a piano concert
RIGHT
Right or Left Hemisphere?
Listening to rap music
BOTH (Right = beat) (Left = lyrics)
Right or Left Hemisphere?
6x4–2+5=
LEFT
Right or Left Hemisphere?
Thinking about the answers for
this activity
LEFT
Right or Left Hemisphere?
Folding Origami
BOTH (Right = artistic) (Left =
exactly linear folds)
Right or Left Hemisphere?
Acting in a play
BOTH (Right = imagination)
(Left = speaking your lines)
Hemispheres
• We have learned a lot about the functions of the
hemispheres from people who have had split-brain
operations (Corpus Callosum is cut)
• This has been done in rare cases for people that
suffer from extreme epilepsy
• Results: they may be able to describe something
they are holding in their right hand, but not when
they are holding it in their left
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aCv4K5aStdU
Plasticity of the Brain
• The ability of our brain to change or adapt
• For example, in the case of brain damage,
functions of the damaged region can be taken
over by another part of the brain
• However: our brains are most elastic before
the age of 5
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2MKNsI5CWoU
• Another way the brain can be divided is into
lobes
• Each Hemisphere has 4 lobes
Lobes
Flower
P
O
T
Frontal Lobe
•Involved in
judgment, decision
making, and motor
control
•Not fully developed until
age 25
Parietal Lobe
•Receives messages
from the skin senses
(Like warmth, cold, pain,
pressure from touch)
Occipital Lobe
•Primary Visual area
•Damage to this area can
cause vision to become
unclear or confusing
Temporal Lobe
•Primary Hearing area
Frontal Lobe
(Behind your
forehead)
Parietal Lobe
(Top of the
head, near
the back)
Occipital
Lobe (The
back of the
head)
Temporal
Lobe (On the
sides, below
your ears)
Collage of the Lobes
1. Properly label each lobe on your collage
2. Select at least 3 images that
demonstrate the responsibilities of
each lobe, from a magazine or a
drawing of your own
Like this…
Not like this!
Sensations of the
skin
Vision
Hearing
Decision Making,
Judgment
Methods of
Studying the Brain
1. Accidents
2. EEG
3. CAT scans
4. MRI scans
5. PET scans
Accidents
• We can study the
effects of brain
damage caused by
head injuries (such as a
stroke or head trauma)
• Phineas Gage
Electroencephalograms (EEG)
• Records electrical activity of the brain (brain
waves)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Q57q_kQPQY
CAT scans
• CAT (computerized axial
tomography) scans
• X-Ray beams are passed around
and through the head
• Computer measures the amount
of radiation being absorbed and
pieces together a 3D image of the
brain
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
e0xZFkaRZSU
MRI scans
• MRI (magnetic resonance image)
scans
• A powerful magnetic field sends
out radio waves that cause parts
of the brain to give off energy
• A computer measures that
energy and creates an image of
the brain
• More detailed than other scans
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t
D97Vhna-ic
PET scans
• PET (positron emission tomography) scans
• Measures ACTIVITY of the brain, rather than just an image
• Injected with radioactive sugar- as it reaches the brain,
more is used where the brain is active
• Computer image shows where brain activity is happening
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=scoOTHl879A
Nature vs. Nurture
What people
inherit genetically
Our Environment
and Experiences
Nature vs. Nurture
Nature
Nurture
• People’s traits and
personalities are
determined by their
genetic make-up
• Our family, education,
culture, living conditions,
and individual
experiences
• We inherit our
characteristics
• Our environment and
experiences determine
how we behave and
think
Nurture: Heredity
• Genes: basic building blocks of heredity
• Traits are determined by pairs of genes
• Chromosomes: threadlike structures made up
of DNA
• All cells contain 46 chromosomes (23 pairs)
• Except the sex chromosomes
• Each PAIR has one chromosome from
the mother and one from the father
Studying Nature
• Kinship Studies:
• One way to study the role that biology plays in
who we are
1. Twin Studies:
• Identical twins share 100% of their genes
• Fraternal twins are only as genetically similar as
any other set of siblings
• Identical twins tend to be more similar in
personality traits
Studying Nature
2. Adoptee Studies:
• One way to rule out the effect of common
backgrounds
• Studies children that were adopted into
different families
• Compares traits of the children to traits of their
biological/ adopted families
3. Twins raised apart:
• Less likely to share common experiences
• Similarities probably due to genetics
Reasons that support my claim:
1. Shared similar health problems
(same type of headaches since age 18)
2. Shared similar mannerisms/ tendencies
(tendency to read magazines back to front)
3. Shared similar personality traits
(tendency to yell at their wives)
4. Shared similar preferences
(choice of cigarette brand, choice of
eyeglasses, names chosen for their children)
What does this mean? (Summary)
• Despite radically different upbringings
(nurture), identical twins share uncanny
similarities, which indicates that those
traits may be genetically inherited
(nature).
However…
• The article does not mention those traits that
the twins differed on
• Many of these similarities could be
coincidental
• Probably no gene for preference of
eyeglasses, but other aspects of the
personality might lead to certain preferences
The Nervous System in
Practice
Whiteboard activity
Which Nervous System?
Which nervous system is involved
in allowing you to shoot a
basketball, smell freshly baked
bread, and push the keys on a
piano?
Somatic
Which Nervous System?
The digestion of last night’s dinner
is most directly controlled by
which nervous system?
Autonomic
Which Nervous System?
The voluntary command Susan
uses to raise her hand in class
would travel through which
nervous system from the spinal
cord to the muscles that control
movement?
Somatic
Which Nervous System?
When a man grabbed Zoe’s purse, she ran
after him, tackled him, and retrieved her
purse. Then she realized that her heart
was racing, her breathing was irregular,
and she was trembling.
Which of Zoe’s nervous systems was
responsible for this reaction?
Sympathetic
Which Nervous System?
You woke up late for your big job interview! You are
running and your heart is beating fast.
Which nervous system governs your running?
Somatic
Which nervous system governs your heart rate?
Autonomic
Which Nervous System?
Edgar had a long, difficult day at school. As he sits
down on the sofa, his heart rate and breathing
slow down, his muscles relax, and his digestive
system starts getting ready for food. Which of
Edgar’s nervous systems has been activated?
Parasympathetic