Just Do It!

In a one minute essay explain the effect the idea of
Manifest Destiny had on the Native American groups
living in the United States.

Paragraph form!
Balancing Nationalism &
Sectionalism
Session 3: Expansion & The Jacksonian Era
Objectives






Describe the effects of the Industrial Revolution
Explain how two different economic systems developed
in the North and South
Summarize the American System, a plan devised to unite
the country
Discuss how the federal government asserted its
jurisdiction over state governments
Explain how foreign affairs were guided by national selfinterest
Summarize the issues that divided the country as the US
expanded its borders
7.1 Regional Economies Create Differences
Main Idea
 The North and South
developed different
economic systems that led
to political differences
between the regions, or
sections.

The North developed a
largely commercial and
industrial economy, while
the South depended on a
slave-based agricultural
economic system.
Sectionalism
The Industrial Revolution

Industrial Revolution –
changes in economy and social
structure that resulted from
machines replacing hand tools
and large-scale factory
production developed

New England invested in
industry more than any other
region in the U.S.

Lowell, Massachusetts – site
of the first large-scale textile
factories

Employed mostly young,
unmarried women
Industrial Revolution

Eli Whitney – inventor who dramatically
impacted the development of the U.S.
economy

Interchangeable Parts – involved the
use of gun parts that were exactly alike
 SIG –
 Led to development of factories
as the new centers of industry
 Led to mass production:
production of goods in large
quantities

Cotton Gin – machine that separated
seeds from raw cotton
 SIG –

made the growing of cotton much
more profitable, led to an expansion
of slavery
Economy of the North

Manufacturing in factories,
primarily in the East

Agriculture – especially in the
Old Northwest (Ohio,
Indiana, Illinois, Michigan,
Wisconsin)



Mostly self-sufficient farmers –
poured into the Northwest
from coastal states
Major agricultural products –
corn, wheat, cattle
No slave labor
Economy of the South

Agriculture – “Cotton is King”

Cotton – cotton gin made it easier to
grow and easy to process = more
profits

Demand for cotton in Great Britain
and New England’s textile mills

Plantations expanded into the
lower/deep South
 Deep South = South Carolina,
Georgia, Florida, Alabama,
Mississippi, Louisiana, and
eventually Texas
 Slavery expanded as cotton
production expanded
Henry Clay’s American System

American System - Henry Clay
(Kentucky) created a plan to unify the
nation

Internal Improvements– roads,
canals, eventually railroads

National Road – federal highway
started in 1811 that eventually
connected Maryland to Illinois

Erie Canal – 363 miles from Albany,
NY on the Hudson River to Buffalo,
NY on Lake Erie
 SIG – connected Great
Lakes region of the
Northwest to the Atlantic
Ocean and made NYC the
most important port city in
the US
Henry Clay’s American System

Protective Tariff – tax on
imported goods to protect
American manufacturing

Tariff of 1816– first tariff passed
by Congress and signed by
President Madison

Money collected from protective
tariff would be used to fund
internal improvement projects



Northern support, Southern
opposition = ______________
North – wanted to protect
northern manufactured goods from
foreign competition
South – opposed to price of
imported goods becoming more
expensive due to tariffs
Henry Clay
Henry Clay’s American System

Second Bank of the
United States (2nd BUS)



Would issue national
currency
Would hold all taxes
collected by the federal
government
Chartered for 20 years in
1816
7.2 Nationalism at Center Stage
Main Idea
 Nationalism exerted a strong influence in the Supreme
Court and in foreign affairs, but the expansion west
revealed both nationalism and sectionalism, which
required compromise.
The Supreme Court: John Marshall
Ogden v. Gibbons (1824)

Background: Ogden had a
monopoly for steamboat
service between New York
and New Jersey. Gibbons
started a competing service
and was sued by Ogden

John Marshall ruled that
Ogden’s monopoly was illegal,
as interstate commerce could
only be regulated by the
federal government

SIG – Congress had the
power to regulate all
interstate commerce
Maryland v. McCulloch (1819)

Background: Maryland had taxed a
local branch of the national bank

John Marshall ruled that a state
cannot tax a federal government
institution


“The power to tax, is the power to
destroy.”
SIG –


the national bank was constitutional
according to the implied powers of
the Constitution
the federal government’s control over
economic issues was strengthened by
weakening state powers
Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819)

Background: New
Hampshire wanted to alter
the charter of Dartmouth to
make it a state school

John Marshall ruled that a
charter was a contract and
the Constitution did not
allow states to interfere with
contracts

SIG – weakened the power
of state governments
Nationalism Shapes Foreign Policy

John Quincy Adams –
Secretary of State under
President James Monroe

Adams Onis Treaty
(1819) – U.S. acquired
Florida from Spain
John
Quincy
Adams
The Monroe Doctrine (1823)

The Monroe Doctrine (1823) President Monroe warned European
powers not to interfere with affairs of
the Western Hemisphere

No new colonies in the Americas for
European powers

United States would not interfere in
internal European affairs

Western Hemisphere nations (with
republics) were different from European
nations (with monarchies) in terms of
government

U.S. would view any attempt by European
powers to impose their control over any
Western Hemisphere independent state
as a threat to peace and safety
Missouri Compromise
Missouri Compromise (1820)
Henry Clay’s attempt to solve the Missouri Crisis
Background:
 In 1819, Missouri applied for admission to the U.S. as a __________ state
 There were 11 free states and 11 slave states which had created a
sectional balance between North and South in the U.S. Senate where
each state had two Senators
The Missouri Compromise

Maine was admitted to the
United States as a free state

Missouri was admitted to the
United States as a slave state

The 36 30’ latitude line divided
the rest of the Louisiana Territory


North of the line (except Missouri
itself) = slavery was illegal
South of the line = slavery was legal
Missouri Compromise

SIG –



Balance in the Senate
between North and South
was preserved
Temporarily settled the issue
of the expansion of slavery
Henry Clay = the “Great
Compromiser”
Missouri Compromise
Session 3: Open Note Quiz
1. In what region of the United States was the economy based on industry?
2. In what region of the United States was the economy based on agriculture? What was the name of the farms that
produced single-cash crops?
a.
b.
3. The first large-scale textile factories were established where (city and state)?
4. Who was the Chief Supreme Court Justice between 1800 and 1835?
5.What did this justice’s court rule in favor of (the overall trend of the rulings)?
6. What was the warning given to the European nations stating that they could no longer colonize any territory in the
Western Hemisphere?
7. Maine entered the union as a _______ state.
8. Missouri entered the union as a ________ state.
9.Who was known as “The Great Compromiser?
10. Who invented the system of interchangeable parts?