Study Guide
1. ____________
Mountains and the Seacoast
________
2.
3.
4.
5.
influenced Greek history.
_______________________________
Physical Geography of Greece
helped create fiercely independent city
states.
___________
Mycenae the first Greek city-state.
____________
Dark Ages Period after the collapse of
the Mycenaean civilization.
_____________
Epic Poems Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey
6. Polis city-state, the focus of Greek life.
7. Acropolis in early Greek city-states, a
fortified gathering place at the top of a hill
that was sometimes the site of temples and
public buildings.
8. Agora in early Greek city-states, an open
area that served as a gathering place and as
a market
9. Hoplites heavily armed foot soldiers or
infantrymen.
10. Sparta a military state focused on the art
of war.
11. Oligarchy the type of government that
Sparta had, means “rule by a few”
12. Cleisthenes created foundation of
democracy for Athens
13. tyrant a ruler who seized power in
ancient Greece by force.
14. The end of tyranny led to the
development of democracy.
15. The threat from Persia brought
Sparta and Athens together as allies.
16. Sparta won the Peloponnesian war.
17. ____________________
Peloponnesian War blinded the Greek
city states to the threat from Macedonia
18. _____
Zeus chief god and father of the gods.
Mount Olympus Where the God’s lived
19. ________________
20. ___________
Herodotus He wrote the History of the
Persian Wars which is widely considered
the first real history in western civilization.
21. ____________
Thucydides considered greatest
historian of the ancient world.
22. Philosophy an organized system of
thought.
23. Socrates Philosopher that believed in selfexamination
24. Alexander the Great His conquests led to
the Hellenistic Era, an age that saw the
expansion of the Greek language and
Greek ideas to the non-Greek world.
25. Eratosthenes This astronomer
determined that the world was round and
measured the earth’s circumference
relatively close to its actual size.
26. Stoicism happiness could only be found
when people gained inner peace by living
in harmony with the will of God.
27. Archimedes associated with the concept
of pi.
28. Aristarchus of Samos a Hellenistic
astronomer
29. How did Greek tyrants gain and keep their power?
30.
31.
32.
33.
What led to their demise by the end of the sixth
century B.C.?
What led to the Great Peloponnesian War? How did
it end?
Explain the astronomer Aristarchus’s theory about
the Earth and the sun. What was the prevailing view?
Explain Homer’s influence on Greek civilization.
Explain the spread of Greek culture into Southwest
Asia during the Hellenistic Era.