Wednesday 9/25/13
1) Take out HW (sec. 2 outlines)
2) Discuss with your partner: In what ways
did Radicals in Congress react to the
“Black Codes” passed in Southern
States?
Chained Black Code “vagrants” forced to
work for no wages (slavery).
“Slavery is dead?”
The left panel shows a slave being sold as punishment for a crime;
the right panel shows an African American being whipped as
punishment for a crime in 1866.
Complete the following graphic organizer to highlight how Congress
responded to southern Democrats returning to power and how they put
an end to Johnson’s Reconstruction Plan.
1. 1866 Congress passed a Civil Rights Act that outlawed the
black codes.
2. Johnson’s response:
Vetoed the measure.
3. Congressional response:
Overrode the President’s veto.
4. Congress decided to build equal rights into the Constitution.
1866 passed the 14th Amendment
Who were the radical
Republicans and what did they
want?
The postwar radical Republicans
were motivated by three main
factors:
1. Revenge—a desire among
some to punish the South for
causing the war.
2. Concern for the freedmen —
some believed that the federal
government had a role to play
in the transition of freedmen
from slavery to freedom.
3. Political concerns —the
radicals wanted to keep the
Republican Party in power in
both the North and the South.
Radical Reconstruction
How did moderate Republicans in Congress differ from the Radical
Republicans?
Moderate Republicans did not want full civil rights for African Americans,
and felt threatened by the desire of Radical Republicans for a level of
racial equality exceeding that found in northern states.
Complete the following position chart on Moderate and Radical Republicans
Issues
Positions
1. Johnson’s Reconstruction policies
opposed
2. Black Codes
opposed
3. Expansion of the Republican Party
in the South.
4. Civil Rights
favored
disagreement
WHAT HAPPENED IN MEMPHIS?
The black population in Memphis had quadrupled, and
racial tensions were high. The riot was sparked on May
1, 1866, when the wagons of a black man and a white
man collided. When a group of black veterans tried to
intervene to stop the arrest of the black man, a crowd of
whites gathered at the scene. Fighting broke out, then
escalated into three days of racially-motivated violence,
primarily pitting the police (mainly Irish-Americans)
against black residents.
In the end, 46 blacks and two whites were killed, five
black women were raped, and hundreds of black homes,
schools, and churches were broken into or destroyed by
arson. Along with the New Orleans riot three months
later, the Memphis riot helped undermine the viability
and support of President Andrew Johnson’s lenient
Reconstruction program and led to the radical
Republicans increasing their number in Congress in the
1866 congressional elections.
Why did Congress want to take over Reconstruction?
Black codes created virtual slavery, rather than freedom and equality.
The hypocrisy of these codes exemplified southern defiance of
Reconstruction, as did incidents of violence in which African Americans
were killed or wounded.
Radical Reconstruction
“reform, not revenge”
Reconstruction Act of 1867
Summarize key provisions
1. South military rule, 5 districts,
governed by a northern general
2. Ordered southern states to
elect new delegates to create
new state constitutions
3. Required states to allow all
4. Temporarily barred supporters
qualified male voters to vote.
of the Confederacy from voting
5. Required southern states to
guarantee equal rights to all
citizens
6. Required states to ratify the
14th Amendment.
Design a graphic organizer to explain Johnson’s and Congress’s conflict
over Reconstruction that led to the impeachment of the President and his
near removal from office.
A Power Struggle
Over
Reconstruction
1868 Johnson fired Sec.
of War Edwin Stanton
The firing challenged the
Tenure of Office Act
Stanton’s military rule of
the South took away the
President’s power as
Commander in chief
The House found
Johnson’s firing of Stanton
was unconstitutional
The Act placed limits on
the President’s power to
hire & fire gov’t officials
The House voted
to impeach Johnson
The Act limited the
President’s power to create
his own administration.
Johnson missed
being removed
by one vote.
Explain how the impeachment process works.
The Impeachment process
1. The House votes
for impeachment
3. The Chief Justice to
the Supreme Court
presides over the case
2. The Senate
tries the case
4. Two thirds of the Senators
must vote for conviction to
remove the accused
Explain the following sentence;
President Johnson “won the battle but lost the war.”
Johnson won the battle over impeachment, but lost the war over
Reconstruction to Congress. He had no real power.
The
impeachment
documents
being served
on the
president.
Actual ticket allowing admission into
the Senate impeachment debate.
'Mr. Senator Ross, how say you?' the voice of the Chief Justice rings out
over the solemn silence. 'Is the respondent, Andrew Johnson, guilty or not
guilty of a high misdemeanor as charged in this article?'
And the answer comes, full, distinct, definite, unhesitating and
unmistakable. 'Not Guilty'
“I almost literally looked down into my open grave. Friendships, position, fortune,
everything that makes life desirable to an ambitious man were about to be
swept away by the breath of my mouth, perhaps forever.
Johnson celebrating his
acquittal with a liquor bottle.
Horace Greeley, newspaper editor and
opponent of the president.
Thursday September 26th, 2013
Focus: Complete the following.
1) In reaction to southern states imposing laws
known as the ____________ codes, Congress
attempted to pass the _____________rights act of
1866. President Johnson then promptly _________
the afore mentioned bill. Congress then passed the
________ amendment which stated that all persons
born or __________ in the US were considered
____________ and were given equal protection
under it’s laws.
1868 ELECTION RESULTS
Excerpt from Grant’s inaugural address:
"The responsibilities of the position I feel, but accept them
without fear. The office has come to me unsought; I
commence its duties untrammeled. I bring to it a conscious
desire and determination to fill it to the best of my ability to
the satisfaction of the people."
The Fifteenth Amendment was one of the enduring legacies of
Reconstruction.
Why was it important to give African Americans voting rights?
The Fifteenth Amendment means that hereafter we have no
excuse for ignorance, poverty, or destitution. Our excuse
for such in the past is swept from us by the Fifteenth Amendment.
We are to stand up and be responsible for our own existence,
we must be independent men and citizens.
What major sector of the population is not specified and is left out?
Explain why you believe they were left out.
Women
WHO’S WHO?
 PBS Pinchback- Louisiana’s 1st black governor
WHO’S WHO
 Hiram Revels First African
American elected to the senate
 Over 600 African Americans
Were elected to state legislatures
During Radical Reconstruction, the Republican Party was a mixture of
people who had little in common but a desire to prosper in the postwar
South. This bloc of voters included freedmen and what two other
groups?
1.
2.
carpetbaggers
scalawag
Journal Entry #1
Using the word Mandate answer the
following question.
-How did Lincoln’s assassination change the
course of Reconstruction?
Gallery Walk
1) Visit and analyze each primary source
cartoon (5 total) and read the primary
source quote (projector)
2) On a blank sheet of paper:
a. What is your interpretation of each? How did
you draw these conclusions?
b. Who was the author? What was their
purpose?
• “hang the leaders – crush the South – arm the
Negroes – confiscate the land… Our generals
have a sword in one hand and shackles in the
other… The South must be punished under the
rules of war, its land confiscated…these
offending states were out of the Union and in
the role of a belligerent nation to be dealt
with by the laws of war and conquest."