Chapter 6 - WWI
Germany sides with Austria-Hungary
and declares war on Russia and it’s ally France
Russia sides with Serbia and
Declares war on Austria-Hungary
•Franz Ferdinand
was assassinated
while in Serbia
Great
Britain sides
with France
and
declares
war on
Germany
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France
Britain
Russia
Serbia
U.S.
Spain
Switzerland
Netherlands
•Austria Hungary
declares war on
Serbia
Germany
Austro-Hungarian Empire
Ottoman Empire
Moving the U.S Toward War
•The British blockade trade to
Germany
•German U-boats begin sinking
merchant ships
•The Lusitanian a passenger liner is
sunk 1200 people died, including 128
Americans
•U.S. intercepted the Zimmermann
telegram
Woodrow Wilson’s
Diplomacy
•Wilson believed Democracy was
essential for a nations prosperity
•He sends 6,000 troops to Mexico to
capture Poncho Villa and help
stabilize the government.
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The Outbreak of WWI
•Franz Ferdinand was
assassinated by a Serbian
Nationalist
•WWI begins and countries take
sides.
American Neutrality
•American immigrants side with their home
country.
•British cut the transatlantic telegram and
send propaganda to generate support.
•Citizens begin investing in Allied Bonds.
Ensuring Public Support
Building the Military
•The Selective Service was
established requiring men to
register for the draft.
•Over 2 million volunteered
•42,000 African Americans
served overseas
•It was the first war that
women could officially server,
they worked as nurses.
•The government restricted civil
liberties to fight antiwar
activities at home.
•The supreme court agreed that
civil liberties could be
suspended if the act involved
presents “clear and present
danger.”
Importance of Food
“Food will win the war”
Food production
needed to increase
while consumption
decreased.
Raising the Money
•By the end of the war, the U.S.
had spent $32 Billion.
•Taxes were increased
•Liberty and Victory Bonds
were sold to raise money.
Organizing Industry
•The War industries board told
manufactures what to produce
for the war effort.
•The National War Labor Board
worked to prevent strikes that
could disrupt production.
•Many women worked to fill jobs
left by men to fight overseas.
•Many Mexicans began moving
north to the United States to help
work on farms and ranches.
Vocab
• The Espionage Act of 1917
Made it a crime to aid the enemy or interfering with the war effort.
• The sedition Act of 1918 expanded made it a crime to publicly oppose the
war.
• Liberty/Victory Bonds
• Victory Gardens
• War Industries Board
• Railroad Administration
• Food Administration
• Fuel Administration
• National War Board
• Committee on Public Informatinon
Schenck v. United States
Combat in WWI
• Trench Warfare and new
weapons had changed the
face of war.
• Big battles usually had
several hundred thousand
casualties for both sides.
New Weapons
•Machine Gun
•Poison Gas
•The Tank
•Airplanes
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The Americans and
Victory
•No American troop ships
were sunk on the way to
Europe.
•The Bolsheviks overthrow
the Czar in Russia in a
revolution and removes
Russia from the war.
•Allied forces stop the
German advance in France.
•Allied forces including
600,000 American troops
breakthrough German lines
in the battle of Argonne
Forest.
A Flawed Peace
• The U.S., France, Britian and Italy meet to resolve issues in WWI.
• Wilson creates a 14 point plan he presents to congress.
• Treaty of Versailles is signed on June 28,1919, but the U.S. senate refused to ratify it.
• WWI disolved 4 empires, Russian, German, Ottoman and Austria-Hungary.
•9 New Nations were created.
An Economy in Turmoil
•Inflation caused the cost of living to increase.
•Workers continued to want higher wages.
•In 1919 over 3,600 strikes had taken place.
Red Scare
•The wave of strikes led some to
fear a communist takeover.
•Parcel bombs were being sent
to business leaders.
•The FBI was created to
investigate.
•Many foreigners had their
rights violated.
Qu i c k Ti m e ™ a n d a
d e c o m p re s s o r
a re n e e d e d to s e e th i s p i c t u re .
Racial Unrest
•Soldiers returning from
war need to find jobs.
•Racial tensions grew
due to lack of
employment.
• Over 20 race riots
broke out in 1919.
An end to the progressive
•Economic Problems, Labor
unrest, and racial tensions created
discontentment in society.
•Warren G. Harding was elected
president and promised a return to
“normalcy,” the days before the
progressive.
Vocab Section 2
Draft
• A system of selecting people for forced
military service
War Industries Board
• An agency that was created to to
coordinate the production of war
materials.
Victory Gardens
• Gardens planted by citizens to help
conserve food for the war effort.
Liberty Bonds
• Also called victory bonds, these were
bonds sold by the government to
citizens to raise money for the war.
Food Administration
• Supervised agricultural production,
promoted food conservation and
rationing.
Fuel Administration
• Increased production of coal and oil;
maintained conservation of fuel with
such innovations as daylight savings
time.
National Labor Board
• Maintained cooperation between
industry management and labor unions;
acted as a mediator to prevent and
quickly settle disputes.
Committee on Public
Information
• Provided propaganda to rally citizen
support for all aspects of the war effort.
Railroad Administration
• Assumed temporary control of the rail
lines to modernize equipment and
increase operating efficiency.
Espionage
• Spying to acquire secret government
information.
Schenck V. The U.S.
• A supreme court ruling that an
individuals speech could be curbed
when the words uttered present a clear
and present danger.
Trench Warfare
• A strategy for war that involved soldiers
digging trenches in which they attacked
their enemy hiding in other trenches
near by.
Vladimir Lenin
• The leader of the Bolshevik party, who
overthrew the Russian Czar.
Treaty of Brestlitslovik
• A treaty between Russia after the
Bolshevik takeover with Germany that
pulled Russia out of the war.
Fourteen Points
• President Wilson’s plan to resolve the
complicated issues of WWI. Key points
included, reduced arms, free trade,
freedom of the seas, open diplomacy
and the creation of the league of
nations.
Treaty of Versailles
• The treaty ending WWI signed by
Germany on June 28, 1919. Many of
Wilson’s points were left out of the
treaty and Germany was forced to pay
$33 Billion and acknowledge guilt for
the outbreak of WWI.
Reparations
• Money paid for war damages.
League of Nations
• A group of United Countries that would
help preserve peace and avoid future
wars.
Red Scare
• A nationwide panic that communists ,or
“reds,” might seize power in the United
States.
J. Edgar Hoover
• The first head of the General
Intelligence Division, which is now the
FBI