OSMOSIS and DIFFUSION
Solute – Solvent - Solution
Solute – Solvent - Solution
Solute – Solvent - Solution
Solute – Solvent - Solution
Molecules are always moving
Molecules move randomly and bump into
each other and other barriers
Concentration gradient
Concentration Gradient - change in the concentration of a
substance from one area to another.
Diffusion
Molecules in solution tend to slowly spread
apart over time. This is diffusion.
T1
T2
T3
Diffusion
•
•
Movement of molecules from an area of high
concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Factors that affect the rate of diffusion: size of
molecules, size of pores in membrane,
temperature, pressure, and concentration.
Diffusion
concentrated, high energy molecules
[High]
[Low]
diffuse, low energy molecules
Diffusion will continue until equilibrium is reached.
This means there will be an equal distribution of
molecules throughout the space. This is why food
coloring moves throughout a beaker of water; why odors
smell strong at first and then disappear over time.
Equilibrium, a result of diffusion, shows the uniform distribution of
molecules of different substances over time as indicated in the
above diagram.
Which molecules will diffuse in
each of the figures below?
1
2
5
3
6
4
ANSWERS
1
2
3
4
No Movement
5
6
No Movement
Osmosis
• Osmosis is the movement of WATER across a
semi-permeable membrane
• At first the concentration of solute is very high on
the left.
• But over time, the water moves across the semipermeable membrane and dilutes the particles.
Osmosis – A Special kind of Diffusion
Diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane (a
barrier that allows some substances to pass but not others).
The cell membrane is such a barrier.
Small molecules pass through – ex: water
Large molecules can’t pass through – ex: proteins and
complex carbohydrates
Hypotonic – The solution on one side of a membrane where the solute
concentration is less than on the other side. Hypotonic Solutions contain a low
concentration of solute relative to another solution.
Hypertonic – The solution on one side of a membrane where the solute
concentration is greater than on the other side. Hypertonic Solutions contain a
high concentration of solute relative to another solution.
Over time molecules will move across the
membrane until the concentration of
solutes is equal on both sides. This type of
solution is called ISOTONIC.
• Cytoplasm is a solution of water and solids
(solutes dissolved in the water).
• Water moves into and out of cells because of the
different concentrations of the solutes.
• Different kinds of cells react differently depending on
the solution they are in.
• Below are examples of red blood cells in different
types of solutions and shows what happened to the
red blood cells.
PLANT CELLS
Hypotonic
Solution
Turgor Pressure builds in the
cell and causes osmosis to stop
because of the rigid cell wall.
Hypertonic
Solution
Plants will wilt when cells
lose water through osmosis.
ELODEA CELLS
As viewed under the microscope
PASSIVE TRANSPORT
Passive transport occurs without expenditure of energy.
Molecules move using their own kinetic energy . Diffusion and
osmosis are examples of passive transport. Passive transport
allows cells to get water, oxygen and other small molecules that
they need. It also allows the cell to get rid of waste such as
carbon dioxide.
DIFFUSION
OSMOSIS
THE END
BELLRINGER Dec. 8th
Review Questions
Write Questions AND Answers.
Page 104 #7 and 10 QUAN both
Page 106 #4
ANSWERS #7
For each pair of terms, explain how the
meanings of the terms differ.
Cellular Respiration and Fermentation
According to our textbook on pages 95 through
97, cellular respiration differs from fermentation
because cellular respiration is the process by
which cells use oxygen to produce energy from
food and fermentation breakdowns food
without the use of oxygen.
ANSWERS #10
Before the energy in food can be used by a cell,
the energy must first be transferred to
molecules of
a. Proteins
b. Carbohydrates
c. DNA
d. ATP
ANSWERS #4
EGG & VINEGAR OSMOSIS
You will need to designate someone to…
• Measure the circumference of the egg
BEFORE and AFTER the experiment.
• To measure the needed volume of vinegar
(200 mL)
• To report the data from the group with to the
class.
• To collect and hand-in ALL COMPLETED lab
reports to the teacher
MAKING OBSERVATIONS
• List 10 observations about the object
below in your notebook. You will need
this for your next lab. Ticket-into-Lab.