Devang Khakhar
Indian Institute of Technology Bombay

• Provide Access to “ convenient ” energy services, affordable
• Make new technologies attractive to investors
• Develop sustainable energy systems – Climate, local emissions, land, water

Hydro
1%
Solar/Wind
1%
Nuclear
1%
Biomass
22%
NatGas
6%
Coal
42% 2007 24 EJ
2010 29 EJ
2012 33 EJ
Oil
27%

15,0
10,0
5,0
0,0
30,0
25,0
20,0
Crude oil + Coal
4

2010 : 159,650 MW
Nuclear
3%
Renewable
10%
Hydro
24%
Coal
51%
Oil
1%
Gas
11%

6

Bloomberg, 2014
7

12.0
10.0
8.0
6.0
Renewable Installed Capacity
4.0
2.0
0.0
2001 2002 2003
Renewable Generation
2005
Year
2006 2007 2008 2009
Nuclear Installed Capacity
2010
8

Wind
Biomass Power
Bagasse
Cogeneration
Small Hydro
Waste to Energy
Solar PV
Total
Installed
Capacity *
(MW)
21693
1365
2680
3826
133
2753
32450
Estimated
Capacity factor
14%
70%
60%
40%
50%
19%
25%
Estimated
Generation (GWh)
26604
8371
14088
13407
581
4582
67634
9 *as on 31.07.2014 MNRE website: www.mnre.gov.in

2
Source: McKinsey

Standard Fan Efficient Fan
Power
Price
70 W
Rs 1300
35 W
Rs 2600
Life:
Similar air delivery: 230 m 3 /min
BLDC motor
10years Sweep 1200 mm RPM – 350-400
11

Power
Price
Life :
Incandescent Compact Fluorescent Lamp LED
60 W
Rs. 10
14 W
Rs. 150
1000 hours 8000 hours
Lumens/ W 12 50
6W
Rs.1200
30,000 hours
120
Lumen output: 700 lumens
12

More than 50% households - solid cooking fuels (largest fraction of energy used)
Fuel wood, Dung Cake – Low Cost, Low Efficiencies, High Emissions (PM)
Health impact, Drudgery, collection, cooking time (cooking+ collection time=2000 hours/year)
Replace stove, replace grate
Twisted tape swirlers in a traditional cookstove
Source: Honkalaskar (2014)
Reduce fuel usage by 20%, reduce emissions, being sold by local blacksmiths 13

Sources : Anderson(2012) http://www.firstenergy.in
14


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Established in 1958, foundation stone was laid by Prime
Minister Jawahar Lal Nehru
The Institute has degree programmes in the fields of engineering, science, humanities and social sciences, management and design; strong research focus
Over 46,000 students have graduated in 55 years; alumni have high achievements to their credit
IIT Bombay is the preferred choice for engineering students
– 70 of top 100 JEE rankers joined IITB
1
5



Campus Area
Faculty Strength
: 530 acres
: 578 full time, 38 adjunct

Bachelors Degree Students : 4679

Masters Degree Students : 2302

Doctoral Degree Students : 2622

Total No. of Students
2009)
: 9608 (5800 in
16

Science and Engineering Departments
Aerospace Engineering
Biosciences & Bioengineering
Chemical Engineering
Chemistry
Civil Engineering
Computer Science & Engineering
Earth Sciences
Electrical Engineering
Energy Sciences & Engineering
Environmental Science and Engineering
Mathematics
Mechanical Engineering
Metallurgical Engineering & Materials Science
Natural Resource Engineering (CSRE)
Physics
Arts and Humanities Departments
Humanities and Social Sciences
Industrial Design
Management
Interdisciplinary Programmes
Systems & Control
IE&OR
Technology and Development (CTARA)
MMM (Math, MEMS, Mech)
Educational Technology
Nanotechnology and Science (CRNTS)
Climate Change Studies
Urban Science and Engineering
17

• Academic entities:
– Department of Energy Science and Engineering
– Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering
– Centre for Climate Studies
– National Centre for Photovoltaic Research and Education
– Centre for Technology Applications for Rural Areas
• Collaborations: Washington University/MAGEEP
– SERIIUS: Indo-US Clean Energy Centre for Clean Energy
– Indo-US Clean Energy Centre for Biofuels
– Clean coal research
– Aerosols
– Clean water/clean air

ME
EE
ChE
Aero
CH
PH
BIO
Others
Industry
- Technology transfer
- Manpower
Academic
Programmes
Ph.D
M.Tech
M.Sc-Ph.D
B.Tech-M.Tech
Associated
Faculty
DESE
Outreach
Awareness
Demonstration
Society
Govt
.
- Advisory Role
- Capacity Building
- Funding
Research
Sponsored projects
Sponsored Students
Sponsored Labs
CEP

Thermal
Storage
Solar Field
Pump
Thermic
Oil Loop
Heat
Exchanger
Turbine
Condenser
CLFR
Direct
Steam
Expansion
Vessel
Water/
Steam
Loop
Pump
Schematic of 1 MW Solar Power Plant
Generator
Cooling
Water
Circuit
Simulator snapshot
Consortium Members
Parabolic Trough Solar Field
Linear Fresnel Reflector Solar Field at
Gwalpahari site
KIE Solatherm
20

21

22

23

• Energy, Semiconductors, Materials and
Power Electronics converge
• Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission
• Start October 2010, funding from the
Government of $ 10 mn for 5 years
• Interdisciplinary 51 faculty from 13
Departments
• Solar cells, new materials, power electronics, grid connection, rural deployment and policy issues
• Reach out to other educational institutions via distance education (weband satellite-based)

• Excellent facilities already exist at IIT Bombay for silicon fabrication, power electronics and solar cells:
Furnaces Implantater Mask Aligner RTP Anneal Solar Cell Tester
Gate Stack Tool Solar Modules Power Electronics
• State-of-the-art new facilities will be set up through the funding of NCPRE

Role of the Porous Oxide Layer:
Transport and Defect density
Control over the porosity and reducing defects
Interface modifications:
Faster charge separation,
Lowering back recombination passivation
From Adsorption to Conformal Deposition
Reduced back recombination and surface passivation
CB
VB ca. 10 -11 S ms oxide

– Characterisation of Indian coals and correlating them to their suitability to
UCG
– Mathematical modelling of UCG to predict
• Composition of gases
• Rate of coal utilisation,
• Amount of coal utilisable
• Support in designing of the well
Fixed Bed Reactor for Study of
Underground Coal Gasification

SVO fuelled engine Village electrification - Orissa CII most innovative award 2010

Installations at McDonalds, Mahindra & Mahindra , Worli Dairy, Hotel Faryaz, Club Mahindra, ENT
Clinic, Homes, Hostel, etc
Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB
29 of 50

Updraft gasifier with catalytic cracker
(A Ganesh, ESE)
10000.0
1000.0
100.0
Gasifier: Downdraft (Wood)
Impactor : MOUDI
10.0
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
1
Particle sizes in producer gas
(V Sethi,CESE)
10 100
Research Outputs

Gasifier cum CSNL recovery unit for cashew nut shells

Batch type charcoal making unit from bamboo and other solid biomass – Technology Transfer

Catalytic cracker for updraft gasifier

Supercritical fluid extraction techniques for extraction of phenols from biomass

Testing Facilities for Gasifiers
(GARP)
Updraft Gasifier Steel re-rolling
Raipur (PP Parikh, ME)

Updraft Gasifier for Steel Re-rolling
– Technology Transfer

Development of clean-up systems for tar & particulate in producer gas for gasifiers
Biochar unit at Timarpur
(A. Ganesh, DESE)

Research Outputs

Leak testing of fuel cells ,Current density distribution measurement,
P C Isotherm: For H
2 storage behavior of material

Designing of bipolar plate and flow field, Sealing geometry by contact pressure distributions,
CFD modeling of fuel cells, MEA fabrication

Complex metal hydrides for solid hydrogen storage

Direct methane fuel cell wherein low temp oxidation of methane is carried out

Analysis of biological hydrogen production
Fuel cell test station
IN
LE
T
Current density distributions
OUT
LET

Proposal for New Energy Storage Centre IIT
Bombay
Source: A. Sarkar, ETV 2035
32

• Development of methodologies for conservation of various resourses: Energy, water, hydrogen, man-power, money, etc.
• Integration of various processes, equipments, etc:
Distillation column, heat exchanger networks, mass exchanger networks, resources allocation networks, etc.
• Design and optimization of isolated energy systems
45
40
35
30
25
20
B=0 kWh B=0.5 kWh B=5.5 kWh
Maximum diameter limit = 40m
Physical design space
B=12.5 kWh B=20 kWh
(1680 kW, 80.7 kWh)
15
10
Minimum diameter limit
5
0
1 optimum configuration
(2.2 kW, 7.36m)
10 100
Rated Power(Pr), kW
1000 10000
10000
Load temperature constraint b
1000
100
10
Minimum
Volume
1
50
0.1
m volume limits for given area a
70 90 110
Minimum Area
Area limits for given volume operating region o
Maximum temp.constraint
(100°C)
130 150 170 190 210 230
Collector area,m
2

DST Centre for Excellence and
Interdisciplinary Programme in
Climate Studies
Interdisciplinary
Programme in
Climate Studies
 To build long-term scientific capacity and systems for study of regional climate change and climate futures.
 To provide critical assessments to support governmental policy and decision response to climate change effects on air and water resources, climate mitigation and adaptation measures.

Climate change processes, dynamics and impacts
• Aerosol transport, radiative processes, cloud processes.
• Climate extremes and factors affecting the Indian monsoon.
• Impacts on key systems i.e. urban/ coastal hydrology, drought.
• Costal flooding & sea level rise.
Modelling climate change processes/impacts
Emission scenarios
Mitigation policies
National responses to climate change
Adaptation policies
Energy-use emissions, technology assessment and mitigation
• Carbon mitigation potential of bioenergy alternatives and national biofuel policy.
• Multi-criteria assessment and evaluation of energy technology choice.
• Sectoral assessments and strategies.
Vulnerability assessment and adaptation policy
• Climate change and its impact on cities.
• Water Allocation Planning and
Decentralized Governance
• Low carbon and development.
• Natural disaster and human impacts.
• Climate sensitive sectors and poverty.

Climate Extremes: Pre- and post-1950 trend analysis and change point analysis for extreme rainfall (in terms of extreme volume ) over India a b c d e f

Climate change processes: Aerosol indirect forcing reduces convection and convective rainfall
Stability
Present day aerosol emissions
Longitude
More CCN formation
Surface cooling
BC atmospheric warming
Higher stratiform
CDNC
Reduced convective instability
Increases stratiform cloud lifetime
Reduced convective and total rainfall
Large indirect forcing

Climate vulnerability: Index for major cities of India, spider diagram indicating the important component indices
• Jaisalmer and Jodhpur are the most vulnerable
• Pune is the least vulnerable followed by
– Mumbai
– Delhi
– Bangalore
• Metropolitan cities (except Chennai) seem to be on the lower end of vulnerability
• Technological and financial indices vary significantly among the selected cities
• But cities are comparable in terms of their social and infrastructure indices.

• Solar thermal hot water systems in student hostels: 5 systems of
2500 Litres/day
• Solar PV lighting
• Heat Pumps
• Water Recycling
• Green Buildings
• Vermiculture facility
• Electronic waste disposal scheme

80
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Energy savings from
DSM
Old Load curve
New Load curve
Main Building – IIT load profiles

http://www.indiaprwire.com/pressrelease/education/20140128287038.htm
41

Evo 1
200 kg, Top speed 100 kmph
60kW peak, LiPo battery
0-60 in 2.5s
EVo 3.0 at Silverstone, UK 2014
Evo 2
42

SOLAR DECATHLON EUROPE 2014
43

Team Shunya
70 students 13 disciplines 12 faculty

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India – significant growth in energy services needed
Predominantly coal based - Renewable share expected to grow
Technology development and R & D for cost effective renewables, clean coal, energy efficiency
Need for capacity building – energy engineers / scientists
IIT Bombay – New programmes – Energy, Environment (Climate change research)
Campus as a energy technology demonstration and deployment hub
Leadership - shaping state and national policies, implementation
Global education and research linkages:



Solar Energy
Clean coal
Biomass – cook stoves