Chem. 133 – 1/26 Lecture
Introduction
- Instructor: Roy Dixon
• Educational Background in Analytical
Chemistry and Environmental Chemistry
• Most of my research currently is in HPLC
technology/methodology development or
applications
Class: Chemical Instrumentation
• General Goals of Education (copied roughly from
Dean a few years ago):
–
–
–
–
–
–
Jobs
Career
Skills
Knowledge
Member of Society
Future Life-long Learner
• Main focus will be on skills and knowledge, but
sometimes it is worth looking at larger picture
Learning Objectives of Class
(Skills and Knowledge Set)
• Learn how instruments work
• Learn measures of instrument performance and
what affects performance
• Know common applications of instruments (e.g.
how can we use an instrument to determine a
compound’s concentration, identity or structure)
• Connect instrument performance with
method/sample/analyte demands
Roll Call and Adding Students
• Class normally has 12 students
• Currently 10 in class and 6 on waitlist
• I will add 2 from waitlist and possibly 1 or 2
more
• I plan to add students in gap between lecture
and lab
• Students wanting to add, but not currently on
the waitlist will need to fill in my waitlist
Adding Students
•
Priority for Adding Students
1. BS Chem majors graduating S’16
2. BS Chem majors graduating F’16 and BA Forensic
majors graduating S’16
3. Any Chem/Biochem majors graduating by F’16
4. All others
•
•
Within each category, preference given to
those higher on waitlist
You may be asked to show evidence for your
graduation date
Handouts
• Syllabus
• Laboratory Schedule
• 1st Homework Assignment
Syllabus
Top 3 Items
• Lab Class room = Sequoia 516, but will
spend time in other instrument rooms too
• Office hours
– can arrange meetings at other times
• Internet Site
– will post handouts, keys to homework and
exams, “practice” exams, Powerpoint lecture
notes, and updates (e.g. if changes to
syllabus)
Syllabus
• Text Books
– Harris (Quantitative Chemical Analysis)
• Main text
• We are using the 8th Edition, older editions could be used but
you must find the differences
– Rubinson and Rubinson (Contemporary Instrumental
Analysis)
• Supplementary text book
• Available at library reserves
• Used for electronics and NMR instruction
– Skoog et al. (Principles of Instrumental Analysis)
• Recommended for anyone interested in working as an
analytical chemist
Grading
Lecture Component
• Exams (44% of grade)
– 3 midterms (see syllabus for dates)
– Comprehensive Final Exam (may be ACS multiple
choice exam)
• Quizzes (8% of grade)
– Roughly every 2 weeks unless near exam
• Homework (3% of grade)
– Only a subset of problems will be turned in (Bold
problems in first set)
Grading
Lab Component
• Lab Reports/Lab Practical (35% of grade)
– 5 lab reports (one for each lab experiment)
– Each report (or lab practical) worth 7% of total grade
– Possibility to replace one (and only one) lab report with a lab
practical for selected experiments
– Penalties for late labs (but 1 lab 1 period late is acceptable in
exchange for attending 1 Chem 294 seminar)
– More on experiments in lab outline (will discuss in lab)
Grading
Lab Component – cont.
• Term Project (10% of grade)
– Hand out to be given out soon
– Projects: J. Chem. Ed. projects (e.g. analysis of caffeine),
instrument construction (digitized bomb calorimeter), STORC
applied projects (analysis of composter methane concentration)
– Will work on in lab during last 4 to 5 weeks, but basic due dates
given earlier (e.g. topic, proposal, progress report)
– A poster presentation is required
Topics
• Electronics
– Emphasis on understanding multiple aspects of electronics for
instruments
– Some topics will be covered qualitatively
• Electrochemistry (fundamentals + qualitative
understanding of ion selective electrodes)
• Spectroscopy
– Fundamental sections (theory and spectrometer components)
– Specific types (UV-Visible, fluorescence, atomic, and NMR)
• Mass Spectrometry
• Chromatography
– Theory of separations, and main components
– GC and HPLC
Homework Set 1
• Three subsets (1.1, 1.2, and 1.3)
• Bold Homework problems are graded; do
not turn in other problems
• Subsets should be done before quizzes
• Solutions will be posted.
Today’s Lecture
• Measures of Instrument Performance
• Overview of Electronics
• Electronic Definitions and Basic Laws
– covering in lab (only need blackboard)
In Lab Today
• Data/Excel Basics
– covering here
• Checking In
• First 15 pages of Lab Manual will be on
website (read before Thurs. class)
Measures of Instrument or Method
Performance
• What is he talking about?
• Example: method accuracy
• Get class to come up with 7+ measures
Electronics
• Topics Covering
– Basic DC Circuits (Ohm’s Law, Power Law, Kirchhoff’s
Laws + applications)
– Alternating Currents, Other Waveforms, and Fourier
Transformation (lecture only)
– RC Circuits
– Diodes (lecture only)
– Signal Digitization (lecture only)
– Transducers (lecture only)
– Noise
Electronics - Overview
• Generic Instrument Block Diagram
Analog Electronics
Exciter
Digital
Electronics
sample
Digital to
Analog
(control)
Transducer
Analog
Signal
Processing
Analog to Digital
Conversion Board
Digital Signal
Processing
Memory
Long-term
Storage
(Disk)
Signal
Display
Electronics
Example Block Diagram for an Atomic Emission Spectrometer
From: David Zellmer, CSU Fresno
http://zimmer.csufresno.edu/~davidz/Chem106/ModZoo/ModZoo.html
Electronics
• Go to Board to Cover: Definitions, Ohm’s Law,
Power Law and Kirchhoff’s Laws