JUDAISM OVER THE CENTURIES
THE EXODUS FROM EGYPT HW
1. The Hebrews were made into slaves. Treatment was cruel and they were often
beaten. . The wall painting from a 15th century BC tomb shows this.
2. God gave Moses miraculous powers, including the ability to cause outbreaks of
disease and destruction called plagues. Each time a plague happened, Pharaoh
promised to let the Israelites go, but each time he changed his mind. Finally,
according to the Torah, a plague came in which the first-born child of all the
Egyptians died - even Pharaoh’s son. After this terrible plague, Pharaoh finally let the
Israelites leave Egypt.
MONDAY OCTOBER 26
Judaism Worksheet 20 due tomorrow. Notebook Check Thursday.
Do Now: What happened after the death of Solomon?
Finish Worksheet 21Kings of Israel and Invaders
Exodus and Persecution
Judaism over the Centuries
4. LIST THE EVENTS THAT LED TO THE DIASPORA.
930 BC: Solomon died and revolts broke out over who
should be king. Israel split into two kingdoms: Israel and
Judah.
722 BC: The Assyrians defeated Israel and the kingdom
fell apart.
586 BC: Chaldeans captured Jerusalem (Judah) and
destroyed Solomon’s temple. They marched thousands of
Jews to Babylon to work as slaves.(Babylonian Captivity)
530s BC: Persians conquered the Chaldeans, and allowed
many Jews to return to Jerusalem. Some did not. This is
known as Diaspora.
5. WHO WERE THE MACCABEES?
A Jewish family who led a successful revolt in the 160s BC. The
Jews then ruled their own kingdom for 100 years.
6. WHEN DID THE ROMANS CONQUER THE JEWS? WHY
WAS LIFE DIFFICULT UNDER ROMAN RULE?
The Romans conquered the Jews in 63 BC. Life was difficult
because they placed heavy taxes on the Jews and they were
brutal masters who had no respect for the Jewish religion or way
of life. Some rulers tried to force the Jews to worship the Roman
Emperor and even appointed the Jewish High Priest.
7. WHAT WAS LIFE LIKE FOR MOST ISRAELITE
WOMEN?
Israelite government and society were dominated by men. Men
made most of the decisions. A woman’s husband was chosen by her
father.
8. READ THE STORY OF RUTH AND NAOMI AND
EXPLAIN HOW THEY SET AN EXAMPLE FOR OTHER
ISRAELITES.
Ruth’s devotion to Naomi served as an example for how to treat
family members.
TUESDAY OCTOBER 27
Homework: Notebook Check due Thursday. Unit 2 Test Thursday/Friday.
Do Now: Why was life difficult under Roman rule?
Judaism Over the Centuries
Review Jewish Beliefs and Text
BELIEF IN ONE GOD
Jews believe in One God this is called monotheism.
It is the oldest monotheistic religion still practiced today.
The belief in One God set Judaism apart from other religions in
the ancient world.
Jews believed that God guided their history through His
relationship with Abraham and Moses.
EDUCATION
Teaching children the basics of Judaism is important in Jewish
society.
In ancient times, older boys, not girls, would study the religion with
professional teachers.
Education is still important to the religion today.
JUSTICE AND RIGHTEOUSNESS
Justice means kindness and fairness in dealing with other people.
Jews believe everyone deserves fairness, even strangers and
criminals.
Jews must give aid to the needy, including the poor, the sick, and
orphans.
Righteousness refers to doing what is proper.
Jews are supposed to behave properly even if those around them
are not.
OBSERVANCE OF RELIGIOUS AND MORAL LAW
Jews believe God gave them laws to follow.
The most important laws are the Ten Commandments. They believe
God not only gave Moses the Ten Commandments but also a whole
system of laws known as Mosaic law.
Mosaic law guides many areas of everyday life. For example,
Jews cannot work on holidays or the Sabbath.
Orthodox Jews still follow Mosaic laws today. Reform Jews do not
follow ancient laws and Conservative Jews fall in between these
two groups.
THE TORAH
The Torah is the most sacred text of Judaism. It consists of five
books in which Jews recorded their laws.
Today in synagogues, or Jewish house of worship, the Torah is read.
THE HEBREW BIBLE
The Hebrew Bible is made up of three parts.
The Torah
Eight books the messages of Jewish prophets.
Eleven books of poetry, songs, stories, lessons, and history. The
final part of the Hebrew Bible contains proverbs, or short
expressions of Jewish wisdom. It also contains the Book of Psalms
which are poems or songs that praise God.
COMMENTARIES
Many Jewish laws are difficult to understand. Scholars write
commentaries to explain the laws.
They are found in the Talmud.
DEAD SEA SCROLLS
3. The Dead Sea Scrolls are writings by Jews who lived 2,000
years ago that explain Jewish beliefs.
4. These writings are important because they help historians learn
about the lives of many Jews who lived long ago.
JEWISH TEACHINGS IN WESTERN SOCIETY
A. Laws - The Ten Commandments for example.
B. Rules of Behavior – People give to charities for example.
C. Helped to shape Christianity and Islam.
1. SHORT TERM EFFECTS OF REVOLT
Loss of many lives, particularly Jews
Destruction of Jerusalem, Second Temple
Roman enslavement of many surviving Jews
End of Jewish power structure in Jerusalem
Migration of many Jews throughout Roman Empire
1. LONG TERM EFFECTS OF JEWISH REVOLT
Second unsuccessful revolt against Rome
Ban of Jews from Jerusalem
Dispersal of Jews throughout the world
Changes in Judaism religion
Discrimination against Jews
2. WHY DID THE JEWS REVOLT AGAINST THE ROMANS
IN AD 66?
The Jews were tired of foreign rule and wanted to recreate the
kingdom of Israel. Zealots also believed the Jews should not
answer to anyone but God.
3. WHY WAS THE ROMAN DESTRUCTION OF THE
SECOND TEMPLE SO DEVASTATING TO THE JEWS?
The temple was the center of Jewish religious life and the holiest
Jewish site
4. HOW DID JUDAISM CHANGE AFTER THE LOSS OF THE
SECOND TEMPLE?
Local synagogues became more important in Jewish life, and
leaders called rabbis began serving as religious teachers.
5. MAP SKILLS
A.
b. Alexandria
c. north, west, and southwest
d. Spain, France, Germany, Italy, Greece, Asia Minor, Syria, and
Alexandria, Egypt
1. WHERE DID MOSES LEAD HIS PEOPLE? WHAT DID HE
RECEIVE THERE?
He led his people through the wilderness to Mount Sinai. There he
received the Ten Commandments.
2. WHAT IS THE EXODUS?
After Moses received the Ten Commandments the Hebrews
wandered in the wilderness of the Sinai peninsula for forty years.
Moses then led the Hebrews to Canaan.
3. WHAT DID KINGS DAVID AND SOLOMON DO AFTER
THE DEATH OF MOSES?
King David made Jerusalem the capital and Solomon built a
Temple in the city. This was known as the Golden Age of the
Hebrew civilization.
4. WHAT HAPPENED TO THE KINGDOM AFTER THE
DEATH OF SOLOMON?
The country broke into two kingdoms, Israel in the north and Judah
in the south.
5. WHAT HAPPENED IN 63 BC?
The Roman Empire took control of Judea and made Herod the king.
He rebuilt the temple at Jerusalem.
6. WHEN WAS THE FIRST JEWISH REVOLT AGAINST THE
ROMANS? HOW DID THE ROMANS RESPOND?
The Jews revolted in 70 CE. The Romans responded by besieging
Jerusalem. Herod’s temple was destroyed and thousands of people
were killed.
7. WHAT HAPPENED TO THE JEWS WHEN THEY
REVOLTED A SECOND TIME?
The Jews revolted again in 132 CE. Thousands of Jews were killed
and others were exiled to other countries. This was known as the
Diaspora.
1. EXPLAIN, USING EVIDENCE FROM THE TEXT AND THE
VIDEO, WHY DID THE JUDEANS REVOLT AGAINST ROME
THE FIRST TIME?
The Romans imposed heavy taxes on the Jews, they took over the
appointment of the High Priest, Caligula insisted the Jews worship
him as a God and when they refused he threatened to destroy the
Temple. The Romans disrespected the Jewish religion
2. LOOKING AT JEWISH HISTORY FROM ABRAHAM TO
THE ROMAN CONQUEST, WHAT PATTERNS DO YOU SEE?
There are patterns of migration, enslavement, warfare/conquest,
and commitment to religious belief in one God.
3. JEWS HAVE RETURNED TO JERUSALEM THROUGHOUT
HISTORY. WHY DO YOU THINK THIS IS SO?
Jerusalem is the most holy place in the world to the Jews.