Muscles of thigh
D.Rania Gabr
D.Sama.
D.Elsherbiny
Objectives
• Know the type and formation of hip joint.
• Differentiate the stability and mobility between the hip joint
and shoulder joint.
• Identify the muscles that act at the hip joint.
• Identify the muscles of the thigh in terms of their origin,
insertion, nerve supply and actions.
• Explain the relationships of contents of the femoral triangle to
each other & to the surrounding bone and soft tissue
landmarks.
Compartments of the
thigh
Femur
Anterior compartment
(Quadriceps femoris muscle)
(Extensor group)
Femoral nerve
Deep fascia
Medial compartment
(Adductor muscles)
Obturator nerve
Posterior compartment
(Hamstring muscles)
(Flexor group)
Sciatic nerve
Medial Compartment of Thigh
MUSCLES:
1. Adductor longus
2. Adductor brevis
3. Adductor magnus
(Adductor part)
4. Gracilis
ACTION:
adduction of hip joint
N.B.: Gracilis also
flexes knee joint
NERVE SUPPLY:
obturator nerve
1
2
2
1
4
3
3
Adductor magnus
(Adductor portion)
Adductor magnus
(Hamstring portions)
4
Adductor group
Pectineus
Adductor
longus
Adductor
brevis
Adductor
magnus
Gracilis
Medial Compartment
Origin
Body of pubis
Body of pubis
Inferior pubic ramus
Inferior pubic ramus
Ischial ramus
Adductor
part
Hamstring
hiatus
Adductor
hiatus
Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Adductor magnus
(adductor portion)
Insertion
Posterior border of femur (Linea Aspera)
Gracilis
Upper part of medial
surface of tibia
(behind sartorius)
Medial Compartment
Blood Supply:
Obturator artery:
Branch of internal iliac
artery.
Anterior Compartment of Thigh
 Flexor of the hip:
1. Sartorius
2. Pectineus
3. Psoas major
4. Iliacus
 Extensors of knee (Quadriceps
femoris):
1. Rectus femoris
2. Vastus lateralis
3. Vastus medialis
4. Vastus intermedius
 Nerve supply: Femoral nerve
4
3
2
1
2
1
4 Vastus Intermedius
(deep to rectus femoris)
3
Sartorius
Origin
Insertion
Action (TAILOR’S POSITION)
Flexion, abduction & lateral rotation of hip
joint
Flexion of knee joint
Pectineus
Pectineal surface
Pectineal line
ACTION:
Flexion & adduction of hip joint
Ilio-psoas
P
I
Lesser
trochanter
Action:
Flexion & medial
rotaion of hip joint
Quadriceps Femoris
1. Rectus femoris
2. Vastus medialis
3. Vastus lateralis
4. Vastus intermedius
Origin of
Rectus femoris
Straight
head
Reflected
head
Origin of vasti
Vastus
medialis
Vastus
intermedius
Vastus
lateralis
Articularis
genu
Insertion
Patella
Ligamentum
patellae
ACTION:
Extension of knee
joint
Rectus femoris
(flexion of hip)
Femoral Triangle
Def: It is a deep hollow in the
Upper third of front of thigh
inferior to the inguinal ligament
Boundaries
 Base: Inguinal ligament
 Medial: Medial border of the adductor
longus muscle
 Lateral: Medial border of the sartorius
muscle
 Floor: (from media to lateral)
• adductor longus
• Pectineus
• Psoas major
• Iliacus
• Roof: Skin, superficial & deep fascia.
Iliopsoas
Pectineus
Floor of femoral triangle
Inguinal
Iliacus
ligament
Psoas
major
Sartorius
Pectineus
Adductor
longus
Contents of femoral triangle
Femoral n.
+its br.
Femoral
sheath
Lat. cut. n.
of the thigh
Deep inguinal
L.N.
Femoral br.
of genitofemoral n.
Femoral a.
+ its br. +
sympathetic
plexus
Femoral v.
+ its tribut.
Femoral sheath
Inguinal
lig.
Fascia
iliaca
Femoral
septum
ring
Lacunar
lig.
Fascia
transversalis
Femoral
canal
Femoral
hernia
Anterior Compartment
Blood Supply:
Femoral Artery:
ADDUCTOR
CANAL
(Subsartorial/Hunter’s canal)
Adductor hiatus
DEFINITION: an aponeurotic tunnel for femoral artery & vein
SITE: In middle third of front of thigh deep to sartorius
EXTENT: From apex of femoral triangle to adductor hiatus
BOUNDARIES:
 Roof (Anterior): Sartorius (medially) and vastus medialis
(laterally)
 Floor (Posterior): Adductor longus & magnus
Sub-sartorial canal
(adductor canal)
VM
s
s
Add
Add
Middle
1/3
FR
VM
s
Fibrous
roof
Subsartorial canal
Contents of adductor canal
Femoral vein
Saphenous nerve
Nerve to
Vastus medialis
Femoral artery
medial
lateral
Descending genicular artery
Posterior Compartment Of The Thigh
Hamstring muscles:
1. Biceps femoris.
2. Semitendinosus.
3. Semimembranosus.
4. Ischial part of adductor
magnus.
Action:
1. Extend hip
2. Flex knee
Blood supply:
• profunda femoris artery.
Nerve supply:
• Sciatic nerve.
Semi-membranosus
Oblique popliteal
ligament
Ischieal
tuberosity
Action:
1. Extend hip
2. Flexion and medial Soleal line
rotation of the knee
Medial condyle of
tibia
S
G S
Ischieal
tuberosity
Upper
medial
surface of
tibia
Semi-tendinosus
Action:
1. Extend hip
2. Flexion and medial
rotation of the knee
Biceps femoris
Ischeal
tubersoity
Styloid
process o
fibula
Action:
1. Extend hip
2. Flexion and lateral
rotation of the knee
S
M
ST
B
Long head
Short head
Hamstring muscles
Adductor Magnus (Hamstring Part)
• Nerve supply:
• The tibial portion of the
sciatic.
• Action:
• Extension of the hip joint.
BLOOD SUPPLY
• The four perforating
branches of the profunda
femoris artery.
NERVE SUPPLY
Sciatic Nerve
Origin: L4 and 5; S1, 2, 3.
Course; descends between biceps
femoris, semimembranosus muscles
(posteriorly) and adductor magnus
anteriorly.
Termination: In the lower third of
the thigh it ends by dividing into
the tibial and common peroneal
nerves.
Tensor Fascia Latae
Psoas Major
Iliacus
Rectus Femoris
Vastus Intermedius
DEEP TO RECTUS FEMORIS
Adductor
Longus
Vastus Lateralis
Sartorius
Vastus
Medialis
Surface anatomy of the thigh
• Surface features of the
Thigh
– Sartorius muscle
– Quadriceps femoris
muscle
– Adductor longus muscle
– Hamstring muscles
– Femoral triangle
Q:
Muscles which produce:
1. Flexion hip and knee………..
2. Extension hip and flexion knee……
3. Flexion hip and extension knee…..