The Industrial Revolution
Cotton Gin
Robert Fulton
John Deer
Cyrus McCormick
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

The time when machines
were invented that did
the work that humans
normally did.
It started in England, in the textile (cloth) industry.
Thread was always spun by hand on spinning wheels until
1764 Richard Arkwright Invented a
thread spinning machine powered by
running water.
These textile machines were in mills
next to rivers for their power source.
SO, WHAT THE BIG DEAL?
During this time England was
Still in control of the colonies

Factory System: which brings workers and machines
together in one place. People began to leave farms and
move to where the factories were, creating towns.

Workers went to work at a place that wasn’t their home,
and had to work certain hours. Time becomes
important!!!!!!!
Workers had to keep pace with machines, not their own
pace.
 As this developed in England, America fought and
establish its Independence from England

 A Revolution in Transportation
 A Hugh growth in new Inventions that
created new industries
 These industries impacted how
America developed
How an idea leads to creating a invention that
changes Society!
Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin, 1791
Actually invented by a
slave!
Machine cleans out
cotton seeds from picked
cotton faster and more
effective
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Having slaves to pick the cotton became even more
profitable.
More slaves more cotton picked, sold, and more $$$.
Slave owners valued having slaves more.
In the southern agricultural states slavery became much
more important to the economy.
Cotton grown on plantations was in demand by the textile
factories in England and New England
This influenced how important Slavery became to
the Southern states economies.
Steam powered
engine
Invented By Robert Fulton
1790 First steam-powered plant.
Factories didn’t have to be by streams, that
could run dry.
Factories in cities where there was plenty of
labor and resources. People began to move to
the cities to work in the factories.
This especially impacted the New England
states as they had poor farmland but great
streams and rivers Factories and industries
developed in New England. Steam boats
created faster and reliable transportation of
people and goods.
John Deere & the Steel Plow
(1837)
John Deere invented the steel plow in
1837 when the Middle-West was being
settled.
The soil was different than that of the
East it was a richer soil great for
farming though wood plows kept
breaking.
People moved west during the
1800-1860 to claim their own
farms. The steel plow encouraged
Settlement, and great production.
Cyrus McCormick
& the Mechanical Reaper: 1831
•At that time, grain was harvested by a
manual process : the reapers mowed
down the standing grain with a handswung scythe.
•Binders (workers) followed behind, tying
the crop into bales, which were carted
away, for storage in barns.
•Reaping was a painstaking process, even
farmers with land and seed to spare were
forced to limit their crop to what they
could reap in a given season.
Impacted the movement out west to the
Great Plains. Farmers could now reap
more to sell and make greater profits.

Cotton Gin – slavery more profitable….southern culture believes
slavery needed for economic success.

Steam engine—easier and faster transportation of goods and
people. Robert Fulton steam boat. Not dependent on currents
or wind. More efficient factories.

Steel plow—better plowing, needed for the land in mid-west
and the great plains.

Mechanical Reaper—grow and harvest more crops. Bigger
profit.
Cumberland (National Road),
1811
First National Road was built in the northern states. Allowed
greater movement of people and goods out west. A year
before the War of 1812
Erie Canal 1820s
Allowed greater amount of goods, people and ideas
to travel faster and easier. Better for business.
During this period Missouri Compromise
Erie Canal System
Connected factories in the east to the settlers moving west.
Enabling them to better supply the settlers with items that they
need.

1830 13 miles of track built by the Baltimore and Ohio RR
 1850 9000 miles of track built
 1860 31000 miles of track built
The Railroad Revolution,1850s
Immigrant labor built the
Northern. RRs. Most track
was laid in the North. Gave
the North a great advantage
in the movement of goods
and people.
Slave labor built the Southern .
RRs.
The Railroads determined much
of the development in the
areas where there was a lot
of tracks
Facilitates the movement of:
Goods
People
Ideas
Information
Especially as people moved out west!!!!!
The North had better transportation and most of
the industry in the country.
The South was mainly agricultural. Slavery was a
major factor in being agriculturally successful.
Slavery was seen by the South as essential to a
good economy.
NORTHEAST  Industrial, more
Railroads
SOUTH  Cotton & Slavery becomes
vital
WEST  The Nation’s “Breadbasket
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As better transportation moved settlers west, they encroached
more and more on the Native American population.

As the average mans president Jackson sided with the settlers to
take over the Native American lands.

He passed the Indian Removal Act.
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After lawsuits and a supreme court decision, 1838 US army
forcibly removed Native Americans from their homeland and
forced them to march in which many perished to a new homeland
in Oklahoma. This is known as the Trail of Tears.