Elements, Compounds, and
Organic Compounds
Matter
Everything in the universe is made up of
matter. Matter is anything that has mass
and takes up space.

- All matter is made up of elements.

Atom

An atom is the smallest unit or piece of an
element that still has all the properties of
that element.

So…an atom of gold is the smallest amount of
gold you can get.
Element
An element is a substance that cannot be
separated into simpler parts by ordinary
means.
 Each element is made up of one type of
atom.


Examples: Gold, Iron, Oxygen, Lead, Copper,
Nickel, Sodium…
Elements

Basically this means that everything is
made up of elements, or different types of
atoms. If you took a piece of gold and
kept cutting it in half, eventually you would
get to the point where it cannot be made
any smaller. You would get down to 1
atom of the element gold

There are over a hundred different
elements, but only 94 are found naturallywe made the rest!
Elements

The chemical symbol for an element is the one or
two letter abbreviation for the element.
 The chemical symbol always starts with a
capital letter.
 If an element has a 2-letter symbol, then the
first letter is capitalized and the second letter is
lower-case.
 It does not always match up with the letters in
the name, though usually they do.

Examples: S for Sulfur and Na for sodium comes from the Latin
name for it: natrium
Compounds

A compound is a combination of two or
more elements.
You can determine how many elements are in
a compound by counting the number of
Capital Letters.
 Example: CO2 has 2 different elements in it.

Molecules


Molecules are formed when 2 or more atoms are
joined together chemically.
If it’s 2 or more atoms of the same element, it’s
a molecule of that element:


If two or more different elements are joined, it is
a compound and a molecule.


O2 contains 2 atoms of oxygen
Ex. NaCl, C6H12O6
All compounds are molecules, but not all
molecules are compounds.
SUMMARY
Atom - the smallest particle of matter and
makes up elements
Element - matter consisting of only one type
of atom
Molecule - one or more atoms chemically
combined.
1 type of atom = element
2 or more types of atoms = compound
Compound - two or more different elements
chemically combined
Let’s Review
What is an element?
An element is any substance that cannot be
broken down into simpler substances.
The smallest unit of an element is an atom.
What is a compound?
A compound is any chemical that is made of
two or more different elements
What are organic compounds?
Organic
compounds
are always composed
of carbon along with
hydrogen
http://www.chemistryland.com/ElementarySchool/BuildingBlocks/BuildingOrganic.htm

Organic compounds are compounds that
usually come from organisms. They
always have carbon but may contain other
elements like sulfur, phosphorus,oxygen,
nitrogen, carbon, and hydrogen.
C,H,O,N,P,S

Examples: Alcohol, Sugar, Fat, Protein.
Organic Compounds


Organic Compounds contain carbon, hydrogen,
and various other elements.
C6H12O6 is an organic compound that contains carbon,
hydrogen, and oxygen.



CH4 is methane an organic compound that
contains carbon and hydrogen.
CH3CH2CH3 is propane and an organic
compound.
CO2 is not organic since it doesn’t have any
HYDROGEN along with the CARBON.
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
 The
most common organic
compounds found in living
organisms are lipids,
carbohydrates, proteins, and
nucleic acids.
ORGANIC vs INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
1. Organic compounds are produced by living (biotic) things.
Inorganic compounds are produced by non – living (abiotic)
natural process or by human intervention in laboratory.
2.Inorganic compounds can form salts but organic can't .
3. Organic compounds contain carbon-hydrogen bonds.
Inorganic compounds don't have carbon & hydrogen together .
5. Inorganic compounds contain metal atoms.
Organic compounds don't .
What is the difference between organic and
inorganic compounds?
Inorganic compounds do not contain carbon.
Organic compounds contain carbon and
hydrogen and usually are associated with
living things
What elements are most living things made of?
CHONPS; Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen,
Phosphorus ,and Sulfur
Which element is considered the
foundation for making organic compounds?
Why?
Carbon; because adding different elements to
carbon changes its physical and chemical
properties to make all the different organic
compounds needed to support life such as
carbohydrates, fats, waxes, oils, proteins ,
and DNA.
Is the compound water (H2O) an organic
compound? Explain.
No, because the compound water does not
have a carbon backbone.
SUGARS

Plants make sugars, starch, and cellulose. with
two simple molecules (CO2 and water).
Consequently, sugars are used to make oils
and fats. The general name for oils and fats
are lipids.
LIPIDS
Lipids (oils and fats) are
another class of organic
compounds built from
oxygen, hydrogen, and
carbon.
PROTEINS
 How
do we make protein? Hydrogen,
carbon, and oxygen are amazing
building blocks, but to make
something as complicated as protein,
we need another element. That would
be nitrogen.
CARBOHYDRATES

Some examples of
carbohydrates. Sugar,
starch, cellulose (wood
fiber), and glycogen.
Glycogen is like starch
but is created in
animals for the
purpose of storing
chemical energy. The
small black granules
(dots) are glycogen.
http://www.chemistryland.com/ElementarySchool/BuildingBlocks/BuildingOrganic.htm
With energy from light, plants can build sugars
(glucose) from carbon dioxide and water.
are a number of elements — such
like sulfur, phosphorus,oxygen, nitrogen,
carbon, and hydrogen. SPONCH— that
are important for living systems. Carbon,
the most important of these elements, is
central to the chemistry of biological
systems because of its unique bonding
characteristics. Carbon compounds are
usually classified as organic compounds
 There
QUIZ
For a molecule to be considered inorganic it
must NOT contain____________________.
Oxygen
Carbon
Hydrogen
Sulfur