By: Emily Hess
•States of matter
•Classification and Properties of matter
•Behavior of molecules of matter
•Cycles associated with states of matter
WHAT IS MATTER
 Matter is anything that has mass and
takes up space.
 Even though matter can be found all over
the universe, you usually find it in just a
few forms.
 Matter is constantly changing.
PROPERTIES OF MATTER
 Physical properties-The measurement of
mass and other characteristics that can
be seen without changing how that
object looks.
 Mass, color, shape, volume,
density, texture, smell etc.
are examples of physical
properties.
PROPERTIES OF MATTER
 Chemical properties-These are properties that can only be
observed by changing the identity of the substance.
 Electronegativity, pH, toxicity, reactivity against other
substances etc. are examples of chemical properties.
TEMPERATURE
Temperature affects all states of
matter. Which state of matter an
object is in depends on the
temperature.
Atoms in every object that we see or
handle can exist in different states
depending upon temperature.
THE FIVE STATES OF MATTER
SOLID
LIQUID
GAS
PLASMA
BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE
SOLIDS
 Particles of solids are tightly packed, vibrating around in
a fixed position
 Have definite shape and volume
 Physical characteristics: Atoms do not move around very
much
LIQUIDS
 Particles are tightly packed, but are far enough apart to
slide over one another.
 Characteristics of liquids: 1)confined to, not determined
by, the container it fills. 2) difficult /almost impossible to
compress.
 Have an indefinite shape and a definite volume.
GASES
 Gas molecules have little interaction with each other
beyond occasionally bumping into one another.
 Gases expand to fill their containers, and have an
undefined shape.
PLASMA
 Plasmas are hot, ionized gases, formed under conditions
of extremely high energy, so that molecules are ripped
apart and only free atoms exist.
 Plasmas behave differently than gases, representing a
fourth state of matter.
BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE
 Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) only
happens at super low temperatures.
 Scientists have figured out a way to get a
temperature only a few billionths of a
degree above absolute zero (-273.15
degrees Celsius).
BOSE-EINSTEIN
CONDENSATE
 When you get to a temperature this cold, something
special happens. Atoms begin to clump. The result of this
clumping is the BEC. A group of atoms takes up the same
place, creating a ‘super atom’. They all take on the same
qualities and become a ‘blob’.
CYCLES
 The water cycle is a perfect example of how temperature
can affect the states of matter, and their physical state.
WHAT IS THE WATER CYCLE?
 The water cycle describes the existence and movement
of water on, in, and above the Earth.
 Earth’s water is always in movement and is always
changing states, from liquid to vapor to ice and back
again.
TOPICS
 Pure substances
 Elements and Compounds
 Mixtures
 Homogeneous and Heterogeneous
 Solutions-solutes and solvents
 Physical change
 Chemical change
PURE SUBSTANCES
A pure substance is a form of
matter that has definite
composition and distinct properties.
A pure substance cannot be broken
down into any other substance my
physical or chemical means.
Can be classified as either an
element or a compound.
ELEMENTS
 Elements are the building blocks of all matter.
 We will never stop discovering new reactions and
compounds, but the elements will remain the same.
COMPOUNDS
 A chemical compound is a substance consisting of two or
more different elements chemically bonded together.
 When elements join and become compounds, they lose
their individual traits.
Na + Cl  NaCl
(sodium)
(chlorine)
(sodium chloride-table salt)
MIXTURES
 Combination of two or more substances (combined in
varying proportions), each retaining its own specific
properties.
 The components of a mixture can be separated by
physical means (without breaking chemical bonds).
 There are two types of mixtures
 Homogeneous
 Heterogeneous
HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURE
 A mixture in which the properties and composition are
not uniform throughout the sample.
 The parts of a heterogeneous mixture
can be mechanically separated from
each other.
HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURES
 Mixture in which the properties and composition are
uniform throughout the sample.
 Many homogeneous mixtures are commonly referred to
as solutions.
SOLUTIONS
 Solutions are homogeneous mixtures composed of two
or more substances.
 In solutions, a SOLUTE is dissolved in another substance
known as the SOLVENT.
 In sugar water, which is the solute
and which is the solvent?
SOLUTIONS
 Solubility is the ability of the solvent (water) to dissolve
the solute (sugar).
 Can you think of any gas-gas solutions?
 Can you think of any solid-solid solutions?
PHYSICAL CHANGE
 Physical changes occur when objects undergo a change
that does not change their chemical nature.
 A physical change involves the change in physical
properties.
 Physical changes can be reversed.
Examples include:
*any change in phase
*bend or break
*grinding or dissolving
CHEMICAL CHANGE
 During a chemical change, substances are changed into
different substances. In other words, the composition of
the substance changes.
 Chemical changes affect chemical properties of a
substance.
 Examples include:
 Color change
 Energy absorbed or released
 Odor change
 Production of gas or solids
!!NOT EASILY REVERSED!!
LAWS OF ENERGY AND
MATTER
 Law of Conservation of Matter: During an ordinary
chemical change, there is no detectable increase or
decrease in the quantity of matter
 The total amount of matter and energy in the universe is
a fixed amount and is never any more or any less.
SUMMARY
 Physical properties of matter
 Chemical properties of matter
 5 states of matter
 Pure substances
 Mixtures
 Solutions
 Physical and Chemical Change