1) On what continent is Greece located?
2) Where is the island of Crete?
3) In what ways did the location of Greece encourage trade?
4) How did geography affect the development of ancient
Greece?
5) Name the first two Greek civilizations.

1) Europe
2) Crete is located south of Greece in the Mediterranean
Sea.
3) Greece was in a central location with access to sea trade with Europe, Asia, and Africa.
4) Groups developed in isolation.
5) Minoans and Mycenaeans.

Frescoes
Agora
Tyrants
Democracy
Polis
Iliad
Homer Myths
Olympic Games Aristocracies
Popular Government
Acropolis
Odyssey
Oracles
Hoplite

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Sea: 85 miles wide from coast to coast.
Sea traders
Land: Mountains separated communities and made it difficult to unite Greece under 1 government.
Poor transportation: 7 days to travel 60 miles.
Little farmable land.
Climate: Warm all year.
Favorable for outdoor leisure activities.

 Leading city on the Greek mainland.
 Ruled by a warrior king who had absolute power.
 The warrior king controlled local production and commercial trade.
 Led their armies throughout the peninsula and the mainland to rob and plunder .

 Greek word for city-state is polis.
 A polis is an absolutely independent and self-sufficient community.
 Small area.
 Population less than 10,000. Most were slaves and noncitizens (didn’t own land).
 Built on a acropolis (hill)
 Each had an agora (marketplace) for selling goods and holding public meetings to discuss important matters.
 Considered all non-Greeks to be barbarians.

Polis’ were each ruled in many different ways:
1. Monarchy: King/Queen rule (Mycenae)
2. Aristocracy: Nobles rule (Athens)
Hereditary and based on land ownership.
Wealth and social status supports rulers authority.
3. Oligarchy: Government ruled by a few powerful citizens (Sparta 800-600 B.C.)
Rule is based on wealth.
Rulers control the military.
4. Tyranny: Powerful individual who gains control of the government.
Dictatorship
5. Democracy: State ruled by a small group of citizens (Athens 461 B.C.)
Rule is based on citizenship (free adult males).
Majority rules.

Location
Dates
Achievements
Reason For
Collapse
Minoans Mycenaeans
Crete
2000 B.C.-1500
B.C.
Indoor running water, art, trade network, navy, written language
Volcanic eruption, tidal waves
Greek Mainland,
Crete
1600 B.C.-1200
B.C.
Built fort-like cities throughout
Greece, kept written records
Earthquakes, war

Location
Dates
Achievements
Reason For
Collapse
Minoans Mycenaeans

Use textbook pages 121-125 to create a timeline showing the significant events of the Persian Wars. Make your timeline self-explanatory so that someone looking at it can understand the events of the Persian Wars and who took part in them.
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546 B.C.
500 B.C.
492 B.C.
490 B.C.
480 B.C.
479 B.C.

Small Size Small Population Setting on a Hill Public Meeting
Place

Writings
Religion
Government

Upper
Social Classes
Middle
Lower
Sparta Athens

1) How did Sparta build its military society?
2) What changes led to Athens’ aristocratic government becoming a democracy?
3) How does direct democracy differ from representative democracy?
4) Who is credited with turning Athens into a democracy?
5) Which Greek leader erased the debts of the poor and outlawed slavery for debt?

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Young boys began military training at age 7 and served in the military until age 60.
Cleisthenes broke up the power if the aristocrats and created the Council of 500, comprised of citizens elected by their tribe. The council proposed laws, which were approved or vetoed by the Assembly made up of all citizens.
Direct Democracy=all citizens vote on all issues and laws. Representative Democracy=citizens vote for representatives who govern for them.
Cleisthenes
Solon

Helots
Archons
Ephors
Direct Democracy
Representative Democracy
Persian Wars Battle of Marathon
Metics
Battle of Thermopylae Themistocles
Delian League Pericles
Peloponnesian War

Social Classes
Upper
Middle
Lower
Sparta
Equals: descendents of the invaders
Half-Citizens: free, nondescendents
Helots: slaves
Athens
Citizens: Athenian-born
Metics: Non-citizens from outside Athens
Slaves: captured in war.
Treated as property.

Sparta Athens
A) 2 Hereditary kings:
DUTY: 1 led the army while the other ruled the city-state.
B) Council of Elders: 28 wealthy aristocrat males citizens over the age of 60.
DUTY: Propose laws and served as the jury in criminal courts.
C) Assembly: All male citizens 30+ years old.
DUTY: Voted on laws proposed by Council of Elders.
D) Ephors: 5 elected by the assembly for 1 year terms.
DUTY: Made sure the kings did not abuse their power. Controlled the education of
Spartans.
Beginning:
A) Assembly: all adult male citizens who owned land.
Duties: Elect Generals; elect archons (9) as rulers to serve 1 year terms.
B) Draco: Tryant who created harsh laws.
C) Solon: divided all citizens into 4 groups based on wealth. 2 richest groups could hold office.
Assembly: All citizens sat on the assembly and elected officials to office.
Court: made up of citizen jurors
D) Cleisthenes: turned Athens into a direct democracy.
Council of 500: served 1 year term only.
Duties: propose laws to the assembly.
Assembly voted on laws.
Jury: Citizens. Voted by secret ballot

Sparta Athens

Ideas of Democracy
Athens
ASSEMBLY=
United States
COUNCIL of 500=
EXECUTIVE BRANCH=
JURY=

1) Name the two main city-states of Greece.
2) Name the Persian leader that defeated the Spartans at
Thermopylae.
3) What alliance was created among Greek city-states with Athens being the leaders?
4) What great Greek general and political leader extended Athens’s empire and strengthened its navy?
5) What happened in Greece after the Peloponnesian
War?

1) Sparta and Athens
2) Xerxes
3) Delian League
4) Pericles
5) Greece became politically unstable and wars continued.

546 B.C.
500 B.C.
492 B.C.
490 B.C.
480 B.C.
479 B.C.

546 B.C.: Persia conquers Greek colonies in Asia Minor.
500 B.C.: Greek colonies rebel/Athens become involved.
492 B.C.: Persia conquers Thrace and Macedonia
490 B.C.: Athens defeats Persians at Battle of Marathon.
480 B.C.: Spartans inspire Greeks in loss at Battle of
Thermopylae (300); Persians destroy Athens.
479 B.C.: Athens and Sparta defeat Persia at Plataea.

What changes did Pericles bring to Athens and to the rest of Greece?

info info
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1) What do you recall about the Peloponnesian War and its aftermath ?
2) Why did the events after the Peloponnesian War expose a country to conquest by an outside power.

1) Destructive civil war; Sparta conquered Athens and fought with Thebes for domination of Greece.
2) Events caused disunity and weakness.

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Philip II is from Macedon. Where is Macedon located?
Why was Philip II able to defeat all of Greece in a short amount of time?
List all of the areas of the world Alexander the Great had conquered in just 5 years (by 331 B.C.)?
Why did Alexander the Great not go into northern
India and continue trying to conquer the world?
What happened to Alexander the Great’s empire after his death?

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Northern Greece
Philip recruited and organized the best disciplined army in Macedonian history; Greek city-states did not unite to fight against Philip.
Conquered the Persian Empire, Asia Minor, Syria,
Egypt and Mesopotamia.
Alexander’s troops were tired and refused to go on.
Alexander’s empire was divided into thirds by his 3 main generals. 3 kingdoms created were Macedon,
Egypt, and Syria

1. Detail how Philip II of Macedon paved the way for cultural change.
2. Examine what Alexander the Great accomplished.
3. Identify the factors that contributed to the breakup of Alexander’s empire.

Phalanx Orators
Phillip II of Macedon
Hellenistic Culture
Demosthenes
Alexander the Great

Moves into Greece
One by one city-states fall
Recruits paid army and applies Greek idea of phalanxes
Athens fights, but city-states remain disunited
Takes control of northern Athenian colonies
Greece united under Philip’s rule
Philip becomes king of Macedon
Thebes and Athens defeated at Chaeronea in 338 B.C.
Greek city-states are weakened by war and disunited
Some, like Demosthenes, oppose

9 events that led to Philip’s conquest of Greece.
1) Greek city-states are weakened by war and disunited
2) Philip becomes king of Macedon
3) Recruits paid army and applies Greek idea of phalanxes
4) Takes control of northern Athenian colonies
5) Moves into Greece
6) Some, like Demosthenes, oppose
7) Athens fights, but city-states remain disunited
8) One by one city-states fall
9) Thebes and Athens defeated at Chaeronea in 338 B.C.
10) Greece united under Philip’s rule.

1)
Conquer the world
Goals of Alexander the Great
Spread Greek Culture Manage an Empire
2) What did Alexander do to accomplish each goal?
Assess whether or not he accomplished it.
3) Why did Alexander’s empire collapse after his death?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OEabk4FnSaI (Part 1) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KCb-
4DCOmPQ&feature=relmfu (Part 2) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8zaM4dYnFm0&feature=rel mfu (Part 3 Hellenistic Culture) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4dof_uF1_0I&feature=relmf u (Part 4) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AOicwRXjecw (Parts 1-4, first 30 minutes)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QkWS9PiXekE&safe ty_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active
(This is Sparta) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8ew4qCi--
QY&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=ac tive (Thermopylae )