Name ________________________________________________ Date _____________________________
Anatomy & Physiology
Homework 4 – Overview of the Skeleton
Classification of Bones
1. The four major anatomical classifications of bones are long, short, flat, and irregular. Which
category has the least amount of spongy bone relative to its total volume?
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2. Classify each of the bones in the chart below into one of the four major categories by checking the
appropriate column.
Long
Short
Flat
Irregular
Humerus
Phalanx (finger)
Parietal
Calcaneus
Rib
Vertebra
Chemical Composition of Bone
3. What is the function of the organic matrix in bone? _______________________________________
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4. Name the important organic bone components. __________________________________________
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5. Calcium salts form the bulk of the inorganic material in bone. What is the function of the calcium
salts? ____________________________________________________________________________
Gross Anatomy of the Typical Long Bone
6. Use the terms below to identify the structures marked by leader lines and brackets in the diagrams.
After labeling the diagrams, use the listed terms to characterize the statements following the
diagram.
Key:
Articular cartilage
Epiphyseal line
Red marrow cavity
Compact bone
Epiphysis
Spongy bone
Diaphysis
Medullary cavity
Yellow marrow
Endosteum
Periosteum
a. Made almost entirely of compact bone
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b. Site of blood cell formation
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c. Fibrous membrane that covers the bone
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d. Scientific term for bone end
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e. Contains fat in adult bones
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f. Growth plate remnant
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7. What differences between compact and spongy bone can be seen with the naked eye?
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