Biology Unit 3 Exam Study Guide
Cells and Cell Processes
1. What is the function for each of the following?
-Cell Wall: gives the cell structure and support
-Plasma (Cell) Membrane: allows certain things in/out of the cell
-Vacuoles: stores water and some nutrients
-Lysosomes: digests and breaks down things
-Ribosomes: makes proteins
-Centrioles: organelle used in mitosis
-Chloroplasts: makes glucose through the process of photosynthesis
-Nucleus: controls the cell
-Mitochondria: produces ATP through the process of cellular respiration
-Golgi body(apparatus): packages and distributes things
-Plasmid: Structures that hold DNA
-DNA (genetic material): contains all of the information about the organism
-Endoplasmic Reticulum smooth & rough: highway system of the cell
-Cytoplasm: fluid part of the cell where the organelles float
-Cilia/Flagella: used for movement
2. What are three main differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
* Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus, eukaryotic cells have a nucleus
*prokaryotic cells are simple, eukaryotic cells are more complex
*prokaryotic cells are small, eukaryotic cells are bigger
*Prokaryotic cells are unicellular, Eukaryotic cells are multicellular organisms
3. What are the three parts of the Cell Theory?
*all living things are composed of one or more cells
*cells are the basic unit of structure and function of living things and are the smallest living
organism
*all cells arise from other cells
4. What three organelles do plant cells contain that animal cells do not?
*cell wall
*chloroplast
* A large central vacuole
5. Define the following terms, describe the movement of water and what happens to the cell:
Isotonic Solution
Hypotonic Solution
Hypertonic Solution
Define: equal movement of water
in/out of the cell
Define: a hypotonic solution refers to
a solution that contains less solute
(more water) compared to the
cytoplasm of the cell
Define: A solution that has higher
osmotic pressure (or has more
solutes) than another solution to
which it is compared
Water movement: both in and out
Water movement: water moves into
the cell
Water movement: water moves out
of the cell
What happens to the cell?: stays the
same
What happens to the cell?:
Cell swells and becomes larger
What happens to the cell?:
Cell shrivels
6. Explain the difference between passive and active transport. Passive transport does not require
energy. Active transport requires energy. Also, active transport requires the movement of a substance
against a concentration gradient or against the force of nature.
7. Define each of the following types of transport and indicate whether it is passive or active.
-simple diffusion: small molecules moving across the cell membrane, passive
-facilitated diffusion: large molecules using a protein channel to move across the cell membrane,
passive
-endocytosis: A process in which cell takes in materials from the outside by engulfing and fusing them
with its plasma membrane, active
-NA/ Potassium Transport: This protein pump moves substances against a concentration gradient to
allow the cell to maintain a negative charge. It requires ATP so it is considered active transport.
8. Give the chemical formula for energy conversions that could occur in a plant or animal cell. How are
the processes similar or related? C6H12O6 + O2  CO2 + H20 + ATP, Cellular Respiration
LIGHT + CO2 + H20  C6H12O6 + O2, Photosynthesis. The processes are the same except flipped.
ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS THAT WOULD HELP TO STUDY
8.
What part of the cell does this picture represent and what is its function? Cell membrane, allows certain
things in/out of the cell
9. What types of cells do photosynthesis? Plants, animals or both? Plants
10. What types of cells do cellular respiration? Plants, animals or both? Both
11. What types of cells contain plasmids? Prokaryote, Eukaryote or both? Both
12. How are the equations for photosynthesis and cellular respiration related? The products of
photosynthesis are the reactants for cellular respiration. They are opposites.
14. The mitochondria has a folded interior membrane. Why? cell processes can be more efficient, the
membranes provide a large surface area, and the membranes form interconnected compartments
15. What process occurs in the mitochondria? Cellular respiration
17. What process occurs in the chloroplast? photosynthesis
Other Vocab: Also be familiar with the following words/definitions.
ATP, microbes, contractile, diffusion, synthesis, regulation, excretion, osmosis, incapable
ATP – energy
Microbes – small organisms
Contractile – the ability to contract
Diffusion – movement of a substance from an area of high to low concentration
Synthesis – to make
Regulation – to control what happens
Excretion – to get rid of
Osmosis – movement of water
Incapable – not able