Name ______________________________
Keystone Review Module A
Characteristics of All Living Things – Multiple Choice Questions
______ 1. Living organisms can be classified as prokaryotes or eukaryotes. Which two structures are
common to both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
A. Cell wall and nucleus
B. Cell wall and chloroplast
C. Plasma membrane and nucleus
D. Plasma membrane and cytoplasm
_______2. Which characteristic is shared by all prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
a. ability to store hereditary information
b. use of organelles to control cell processes
c. use of cellular respiration for energy release
d. ability to move in response to environmental stimuli
Chemistry of Life – Multiple Choice Questions
_______1. Which statement best describes an effect of the low density of frozen water in a lake?
a. When water freezes, it contracts, decreasing the water level in a lake.
b. Water in a lake freezes from the bottom up, killing most aquatic organisms.
c. When water in a lake freezes, it floats, providing insulation for organisms below.
d. Water removes thermal energy from the land around a lake, causing the lake to freeze.
_______2. Which statement correctly describes how carbon’s ability to form four bonds makes it uniquely
suited to form macromolecules?
a. It forms short, simple carbon chains.
b. It forms large, complex, diverse molecules.
c. It forms covalent bonds with other carbon atoms.
d. It forms covalent bonds that can exist in a single plane.
Use the diagram below to answer question 3.
_______3. The diagram shows a reaction that forms a polymer from two monomers. What is this type of
reaction called?
a. glycolysis
c. photosynthesis
b. hydrolysis
d. dehydration synthesis
_______4. Carbohydrates and proteins are two types of macromolecules. Which functional characteristic
of proteins distinguishes them from carbohydrates?
a. large amount of stored information
b. ability to catalyze biochemical reactions
c. efficient storage of usable chemical energy
d. tendency to make cell membranes hydrophobic
_______5. Substance A is converted to substance B in a metabolic reaction. Which statement best
describes the role of an enzyme during this reaction?
a. It adjusts the pH of the reaction medium.
b. It provides energy to carry out the reaction.
c. It dissolves substance A in the reaction medium.
d. It speeds up the reaction without being consumed.
_______6. A scientist observes that, when the pH of the environment surrounding an enzyme is changed,
the rate the enzyme catalyzes a reaction greatly decreases. Which statement best describes how
a change in pH can affect an enzyme?
a. A pH change can cause the enzyme to change its shape.
b. A pH change can remove energy necessary to activate an enzyme.
c. A pH change can add new molecules to the structure of the enzyme.
d. A pH change can cause an enzyme to react with a different substrate.
Use the diagram below to answer question 7.
_______7. The diagram models how a poison bonds to the active site of an enzyme. Which function is the
enzyme most likely unable to perform because of the attachment of the poison molecule?
a. the release of chemical energy
c. the supply of activation energy for a reaction
b. the donation of electrons to the substrate
d. the catalysis of the reaction with the
substrate
Use the graph below to answer question 8.
_______8. The graph shows how the activity of an enzyme changes at different temperatures. Which
statement best describes what happens to the enzyme when the temperature of the reaction
increases to 63°C?
a. The enzyme is used up and the reaction stops.
b. The enzyme begins to decrease the rate of the reaction.
c. The enzyme continues to increase the rate of the reaction.
d. The enzyme changes shape and can no longer speed up the reaction.
Use the information below about a chemical discovery to answer questions 9 & 10.
Chemical Discovery
A scientist formed Chemical X in a laboratory. Other scientists then analyzed the material.
Analysis showed that the chemical was composed of long chains of repeated copies of CH2 molecules.
_______9. A researcher noticed that a similar CH2 molecular structure was also located in the plasma
membrane of an animal cell. This CH2 molecular structure contained a negatively charged
phosphate group. Which statement best describes the primary function of the CH2 and
phosphate molecular structure located in the plasma membrane?
a. It contains the genetic information needed for protein production.
b. It catalyzes specific chemical reactions in the cytoplasm of a cell.
c. It stores the energy that a cell needs to perform various life processes.
d. It allows a cell to regulate the movement of materials into and out of a cell.
_______10. Which type of organic molecule was most likely formed by the scientist in the laboratory?
a. lipid
c. nucleic acid
b. protein
d. carbohydrate
Homeostasis – Multiple Choice Questions
_____ 1. Which example is an activity that a fish most likely uses to maintain homeostasis within its body?
A.) Using camouflage to avoid predators.
B.) Feeding at night to regulate body temperature.
C.) Moving to deeper water to regulate metabolic wastes.
D.) Exchanging gases through its gills to regulate oxygen levels.
_____ 2. Which type of feedback loops/systems are more common in vertebrates?
A. Positive
B. Negative
C. They are both extremely common
D. They are both extremely rare.
_____ 3. During a long-distance run on a hot day an athlete produces large quantities of sweat. As a result,the
kidneys change the rate of urine production. Why is this change important?
a. Decreased urine production increases the amino acids in the blood.
b. Increased urine production removes amino acids produced as a result of running.
c. Decreased urine production allows the body to conserve water.
d. Increased urine production allows more water to remain in the bloodstream.
_____ 4. The diagram below represents the actions of two hormones in the human body.
This diagram best illustrates
a. recombination
b. feedback
c. insertion
d. deletion
Scientific Process – Multiple Choice Questions
_____ 1. An explanation for a broad range of observations, facts, and tested hypotheses is called a
a. theory.
c. hypothesis.
b. law.
d. conclusion.
______ 2. A factor in an experiment that can change is a(n)____.
A. observation
B. variable
C. control
D. hypothesis
Chemistry of Life – Constructed Response Questions
5.
Proteins are a major part of every living thing cell and have many different functions within each cell.
Carbohydrates also perform numerous roles in living things.
Part A: Describe the general composition of a protein molecule.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Part B: Describe how the structures of proteins differ from the structures of carbohydrates.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Part C: Describe how the functions of proteins differ from the functions of carbohydrates.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Cells & Cell Transport – Multiple Choice Questions
_______2. Carbon dioxide and oxygen are molecules that can move freely across a plasma membrane.
What determines the direction that carbon dioxide and oxygen molecules move?
a. orientation of cholesterol in the plasma membrane
b. concentration gradient across the plasma membrane
c. configuration of phospholipids in the plasma membrane
d. location of receptors on the surface of the plasma membrane
_______3. A sodium-potassium pump within a cell membrane requires energy to move sodium and potassium ions
into or out of a cell. The movement of glucose into or out of a cell does not require energy. Which
statement best describes the movement of these materials across a cell membrane?
a. Sodium and potassium ions move by active transport, and glucose moves by osmosis.
b. Sodium and potassium ions move by active transport, and glucose moves by facilitated
diffusion.
c. Sodium and potassium ions move by facilitated diffusion, and glucose moves by osmosis.
d. Sodium and potassium ions move by facilitated diffusion, and glucose moves by active
transport.
_______4. Which statement best describes a difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?
a. The presence of both DNA and ribosomes in prokaryotic cells indicates that they are more
complex than eukaryotic cells.
b. The larger size of prokaryotic cells indicates that they are more complex than eukaryotic
cells.
c. The presence of membrane-bound organelles in eukaryotic cells indicates that they are more
complex than prokaryotic cells.
d. The larger size of eukaryotic cells indicates that they are more complex than prokaryotic cells.
_______5. A protein in a cell membrane changed its shape to move sodium and potassium ions against
their concentration gradients. Which molecule was most likely used by the protein as an
energy source?
a. ATP
c. catalase
b. ADP
d. amylase
_______6. Alveoli are microscopic air sacs in the lungs of mammals. Which statement best describes how
the structure of the alveoli allows the lungs to function properly?
a. They increase the amount of energy transferred from the lungs to the blood.
b. They increase the flexibility of the lungs as they expand during inhalation.
c. They increase the volume of the lungs, allowing more oxygen to be inhaled.
d. They increase the surface area of the lungs, allowing efficient gas exchange.
_______7. The rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus work together in eukaryotic cells. What
is one way that the rough endoplasmic reticulum assists the Golgi apparatus?
a. It assembles nucleic acids from monomers.
b. It breaks down old, damaged macromolecules.
c. It packages new protein molecules into vesicles.
d. It determines which protein molecules to synthesize.
Use the diagram below to answer question 8.
_______8. The diagram shows the movement of ions against a concentration gradient to an area of higher
concentration. Which molecule provides the energy needed for this movement to occur in a
cell?
a. ATP
c. protein
b. mRNA
d. lipid
Use the diagram below to answer question 9.
_______9. Which component of this membrane contains a hydrophobic region and acts as the primary
barrier to most foreign substances?
a. protein
c. carbohydrate chain
b. cholesterol
d. phospholipid bilayer
Use the following diagram to answer question 10.
_______10. The relative concentration of solute inside and outside a cell can cause water molecules to
move across the membrane. Which phrase would be an alternate title to the diagram?
a. Exocytosis in a Cell
c. Osmosis Across a Membrane
b. Active Transport in a Cell
d. Facilitated Diffusion Across a Membrane
Cells & Cell Transport – Constructed Response Questions
11.
Some animals can produce a potassium ion concentration inside their cells that is twenty times greater
than that of their environment. This ion concentration gradient is maintained by the plasma membrane.
Part A: Identify (name) the process in the cell membrane that produces this difference in concentration.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Part B: Explain the process that occurs as the cell produces the ion concentration gradient.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Part C: Compare the process of potassium ion transport to another mechanism that moves material across
the plasma membrane.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
12.
Prokaryotic cells are generally much smaller than eukaryotic cells.
Part A: Identify a structural difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells that is directly related to
their difference in size.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Part B: Based on the structural difference, explain why prokaryotic cells can be much smaller than eukaryotic
cells.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Part C: Describe one similarity between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells that is independent of size.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration – Multiple Choice Questions
_______1. Using a microscope, a student observes a small, green organelle in a plant cell. Which energy
transformation most likely occurs first within the observed organelle?
a. ATP to light
c. heat to electrical
b. light to chemical
d. chemical to chemical
_______2. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are two major processes of carbon cycling in living
organisms. Which statement correctly describes one similarity between photosynthesis and
cellular respiration?
a. Both occur in animal and plant cells.
b. Both include reactions that transform energy.
c. Both convert light energy into chemical energy.
d. Both synthesize organic molecules as end products.
_______3. Which statement best compares the energy transformations of photosynthesis and cellular
respiration?
a. Only photosynthesis uses oxygen to create energy.
b. Only photosynthesis causes an increase in kinetic energy.
c. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration both store energy in chemical bonds.
d. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration both require chemical energy to make food.
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration – Constructed Response Questions
4.
Carbon monoxide (CO) is the cause of over 50% of poisoning deaths around the world each year.
CO takes the place of oxygen and prevents it from performing its role in cellular respiration.
Part A: Describe the impact that breathing in CO would have on cellular respiration.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Part B: Why would this impact (that you discussed in Part A) cause a person to die?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5.
Use the diagram to answer the following question.
Part A: Complete the chart below by describing energy transformations involved in each process.
Process
Energy Transformations
Photosynthesis
Cellular
respiration
Part B: Describe how energy transformations involved in photosynthesis are related to energy
transformations in cellular respiration.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________