UNIT 3 TEST REVIEW
CELLULAR FUNCTIONS
Cell Wall
gives the cell structure and support
Plasma (Cell) Membrane
maintains homeostasis within the cell by allowing
some substances to enter and others to leave
Vacuoles
stores water and some nutrients as well as
maintains turgor pressure within plant cells;
in animal cells it is used to store waste
products and to transport proteins packaged
by the Golgi body.
CELLULAR FUNCTIONS
Lysosomes
digests and breaks down worn out cellular parts and
foreign objects
Ribosomes
synthesizes proteins
Centrioles
organelle used in mitosis
Chloroplasts
makes glucose through the process of
photosynthesis
CELLULAR FUNCTIONS
Nucleus
controls the cell
Mitochondria
produces ATP through the process of cellular
respiration
Golgi body(apparatus)
sorts, packages and distributes materials
produced by the ER
Plasmid
structures that hold DNA
CELLULAR FUNCTIONS
DNA (genetic material)
contains the genetic code for making proteins
Endoplasmic Reticulum smooth & rough
produces materials for the cell and transports them to
the Golgi body; rough is an attachment point for
ribosomes
Cytoplasm
fluid part of the cell that suspends organelles and where
most metabolic activity takes place
Cilia/Flagella
used by the cells for movement
What are three main differences between
prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
* Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus, eukaryotic cells
have a nucleus
*prokaryotic cells are simple, eukaryotic cells are
more complex
*prokaryotic cells are small, eukaryotic cells are
bigger
What are the three parts of the
Cell Theory?
*all living things are composed of one or more
cells
*cells are the basic unit of structure and
function of living things
*all cells arise from other cells
What three organelles do plant cells
contain that animal cells do not?
*cell wall
*chloroplast
*central vacuole
DEFINE THE FOLLOWING TERMS, DESCRIBE THE
MOVEMENT OF WATER AND WHAT HAPPENS TO
THE CELL:
Isotonic Solution
Hypotonic Solution
Define: equal movement Define: a hypotonic
of water in/out of the cell solution refers to a
solution that contains
less solute (more water)
compared to the
Water movement: both
cytoplasm of the cell
in and out
Water movement: water
moves into the cell
What happens to the
cell?: stays the same
What happens to the
cell?:
Cell swells
Hypertonic Solution
Define: A solution that
has higher osmotic
pressure (or has more
solutes) than another
solution to which it is
compared
Water movement: water
moves out of the cell
What happens to the
cell?:
Cell shrivels
EXPLAIN THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
PASSIVE AND ACTIVE TRANSPORT.
Passive transport does
not require energy.
Active transport
requires energy.
DEFINE EACH OF THE FOLLOWING TYPES OF
TRANSPORT AND INDICATE WHETHER IT IS PASSIVE
OR ACTIVE.
simple diffusion: small molecules moving across the
cell membrane from high to low concentrations:
passive
facilitated diffusion: large molecules using a
protein channel to move across the cell membrane
from high to low concentrations: passive
endocytosis: A process in which cell takes in
materials from the outside by engulfing and fusing
them with its plasma membrane, active
WHAT PART OF THE CELL DOES THIS PICTURE
REPRESENT AND WHAT IS ITS FUNCTION?
Cell membrane, allows certain things in/out of the cell
WHAT TYPES OF CELLS DO PHOTOSYNTHESIS?
PLANTS, ANIMALS OR BOTH?
Plants
What types of cells do cellular
respiration? Plants, animals or both?
Both
What types of cells contain plasmids?
Prokaryote, Eukaryote or both?
Both
HOW ARE THE EQUATIONS FOR
PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND CELLULAR RESPIRATION
RELATED?
The products of photosynthesis are the reactants
for cellular respiration. They are opposites.
DRAW A MITOCHONDRIA.
The mitochondria has a folded
interior membrane. Why?
cell processes can be more efficient, the
membranes provide a large surface area, and the
membranes form interconnected compartments
What process occurs in the
mitochondria?
Cellular respiration
DRAW A CHLOROPLAST.
What process occurs in the chloroplast?
photosynthesis
HUMANS GET ABOUT ½ OF THEIR NEEDED
PROTEINS FROM THEIR DAILY DIET. WHERE DO
WE GET THE OTHER ½ FROM?
Proteins are synthesized by ribosomes in the cell
OTHER VOCAB: ALSO BE FAMILIAR WITH THE
FOLLOWING WORDS/DEFINITIONS.
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ATP, microbes, contractile, diffusion, synthesis,
regulation, excretion, osmosis, incapable
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ATP – energy
Microbes – small organisms
Contractile – the ability to contract
Diffusion – movement of a substance from an area of
high to low concentration
Synthesis – to make
Regulation – to control what happens
Excretion – to get rid of
Osmosis – movement of water
Incapable – not able