Major Animal Phyla
Biology 103 Animal Lab
Phylum Porifera
• Sponges
• Asymmetrical or
Radial symmetry
• No organs
• Most are Marine
• Sessile filter-feeders
• Asexual Reproduction
– Fragmentation
• Sexual Reproduction
– Hermaphrodites
Phylum Cnidaria
• Cnidarians
• Ex. Hydra, Jellyfish,
corals, sea anemone
• Radial symmetry
• Mostly Marine
• Have Nerve Cells
• Nematocysts – stinging
tentacles
• 2 Body Forms:
– Polyp
– Medusa
Polyp
Medusa
Phylum Platyhelminthes
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Flatworms
Bilateral Symmetry
Definite Head
Thin, solid body
Excretory and Digestive
System
• Oxygen by diffusion
• Hermaphrodites
• Ex. Planaria, flukes,
tapeworms
Phylum Nemotoda
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Roundworms
Bilateral symmetry
Tough outer covering
2 openings
Tube-like digestive
system
• Separate sexes
• Ex. Nematodes,
hookworms,
pinworms
Phylum Mollusca
• Bilateral symmetry
• Mostly Marine
• 3 body parts: foot, visceral
mass, mantle
• Have: heart; digestive,
excretory, and open
circulatory systems; gills
• Mostly separate sexes
• Ex. Snails(gastropods),
slugs, squid(cephalopods),
octopus, clams(bivalves),
oysters
Phylum Annelida
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Segmented worms
Aquatic and terrestrial
2 body openings
Have nervous,
digestive, excretory,
and closed circulatory
systems; head,
nephridia
• Ex. Earthworms,
leeches, nereis
Phylum Arthropoda
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Jointed appendages
Bilateral symmetry
Exoskeleton
Separate sexes – internal fertilization in
most
• Most diverse phyla
• 4 classes (next 4 slides)
Arachnids
• 2 body sections
• 2 pairs of mouth parts
(chelicerae)
• 8 legs
• Ex. Spiders, ticks,
mites, scorpions
Crustaceans
• 2 pair of
antennae
• Aquatic except
for pill bug
• Ex. Crabs,
lobster,
barnacles,
shrimp
Myriapods
• Many legs
• Ex.
Millipedes &
Centipedes
Insects
• 6 legs
• 3 body sections
• Ex. Grasshopper,
bee, butterfly
Phylum Echinodermata
• Spiny skin
• Bilateral symmetry
as larvae
• Radial Symmetry as
adult
• Separate sexes
• Endoskeleton
• Marine
• Ex. Starfish, sea
urchins, sand dollars
Phylum Chordata (vertebrates)
• Notochord
(nerve cord)
• No vertebrae
• Gill slits
• Ex. Sea
squirts,
lancelets
Phylum Chordata (Vertebrates)
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Have backbone (vertebrae)
Dorsal nerve cord
Bilateral symmetry
Closed circulatory system
Brain
7 classes (next 5 slides)
Fish
• Class Agnatha –
Jawless fish
• Class
Chondrichthyes –
Cartilaginous fish
(sharks, rays)
• Class
Osteichthyes –
Bony fish
Class Amphibia
• Amphibians
• Must return to
water to reproduce
• Aquatic larvae
• Semi-terrestrial
adult
• Moist habitat
• Ex. Frogs,
salamanders
Class Reptilia
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Reptiles
Dry, scaly skin
3-chambered heart
Lays amniotic egg
on land
• Ectotherms (body
temp. depends on
environment
• Ex. Lizards, snakes,
turtles
Class Aves
• Birds
• Endotherms
(Internal body
heat)
• Feathers
• Hollow bones
• 4-chambered
heart
Class Mammalia
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Mammals
Endotherms
Hair
Milk produced in
mammary glands
Nurse young
4-chambered heart
Live birth for most
mammals
Highly developed brains
Ex. Mice, Whales,
Humans