1. To help President Washington carry out his duties, the first
Congress
a) passed the Judiciary Act.
b) created the Bank of the United States.
c) created five departments whose heads made up the
Cabinet of advisors.
d) agreed to place the nation’s capital near his home
along the Potomac.
2. Hamilton thought the national government should pay
off both national and state war debts because
a) it showed the government would act firmly in a time of
crisis.
b) if it did not, it would lose the trust of future investors.
c) it was not fair for speculators to make a profit on the war.
d) it would protect local industry from foreign competition.
3. The group of officials chosen to assist the
President is called the
a) House of Representatives
b) Congress
c) Cabinet
d) Senate
Ch. 9 section 2
Creating a Foreign Policy
• Main Idea: Washington established authority of the national government
at home and avoided war with European powers.
-How was American opinion divided over the French Revolution?
-Why did Washington want the nation to remain neutral in
foreign affairs?
-Why was it difficult for the United States to remain neutral?
• Why It Matters: Washington’s policies at home and abroad set a precedent
(example for later presidents) .
Foreign Issues Facing
Washington…
• Events in Europe had effects in America
1. FRENCH REVOLUTION (In 1789, the French rebelled
against their king).
– What should the U.S. do?
• France had helped us during our revolution
• Britain was America’s best trading partner
• Americans supported the French people’s desire for
liberty BUT they were horrified by the violence in
France (divided Americans):
Jefferson – supported France
Hamilton, Adams – supported Britain
The US REMAINS NEUTRAL
• The main foreign policy issue facing the
President was how to remain neutral (not
taking sides in the conflict) while honoring
agreements to support France.
• Washington decided on a foreign policy (the
action that a nation takes in relation to
other nations).
• He issued the Neutrality Proclamation (the
U.S would not side with France or Britain).
Foreign Issues Facing Washington
2. American business depended on foreign trade.
Problem:
-British captured American trading ships in the French West Indies
-Washington knew that the country was too weak to fight
Solution:
-Washington sent Chief Justice John Jay to Britain for talks.
Jay’s Treaty
-Britain agreed to give up their forts held in the West and pay
damages for the ships
-Americans paid old debts owed to Britain
John Jay
• Responsible for Jay’s
Treaty.
• Jay’s Treaty- agreement
that ended the dispute
with Britain over American
shipping during the French
Revolution.
Washington’s FareWell Address..
Washington before leaving office, published his
Farewell Address.
-He advised Americans to avoid becoming
involved in the disagreements among European
countries.
-Advised nation to remain neutral and avoid
permanent alliances.
-Cautioned against letting political differences
divide the nation and cause arguments.
Washington’s FareWell Address
• Despite Washington’s warnings, political parties
developed.
• The first two political parties were the Federalists
and Democratic-Republicans.
• The Federalists, led by Hamilton.
• The Democratic-Republicans, led by Jefferson.
1. Many Americans turned against the French
Revolution when
a) John Jay got the British to sign a treaty.
b) Thomas Jefferson criticized the revolution.
c) the French started seizing American ships.
d) the revolution became increasingly violent.
2. President Washington’s foreign policy proclamation
said that
a) in the European conflict, the United States would
support France.
b) in the European conflict, the United States would
remain neutral.
c) in the European conflict, the United States would
support Britain.
d) individual Americans could make up their own
minds and aid either side.
3. What precedents were set during Washington's
Presidency?
a) Not to run for third term
b) Passed Judiciary Act
c) Chose well known leaders to serve in Cabinet
d) All of the above
4. Which of the following established the U.S. foreign
policy of not taking sides in foreign affairs?
a) Neutrality Proclamation
b) Alien and Sedition Acts
c) Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions
d) Pinckney Treaty
Ch. 9 section 3
political parties emerge
• Why did many Americans distrust the idea of
political parties?
• How did the views of Hamilton and Jefferson differ?
• Why did political parties develop?
• How did the election of 1796 increase political
tensions?
A distrust of Political parties
• Americans had seen how factions, or opposing
groups within parties, worked in Britain.
Members of factions were often more
interested in personal gain than in public
good.
• Political parties could be a threat to national
unity. They could lead to “jealousies and false
alarms.”
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2
7vbHvcRo1s
RULES
• Every second row reads about Federalists (Hamilton) or Democratic-Republicans
(Jefferson).
1. Open textbook to pages 288 and 289.
2. Read starting with the blue title “Differing Views” and “Development of Political Parties.”
3. Find the information about your party and fill in your table [5 minutes.]
a) Hamilton-turn to your shoulder partner – talk about your Federalists party while your
partner writes the information down [2 minutes].
b) Jefferson-turn to your shoulder partner – talk about your Republicans party while your
partner writes the information down [2 minutes].
Federalists
Democratic Republicans
Jefferson
Leaders
Hamilton
Supporters
Elite
Wealthy and well educated should
lead nation
Manufacturing, shipping, and trade
Common man
People should have power
federal
state
Supported loose interpretation
“necessary and proper”
Pro-Britain
Despised the violence and social
disruption
Supported strict interpretation
Wanted
Opposed
Favored
Gazette of the US
Opposed
National Gazette
Basis of economy
(how did they earned
their living)
Federal or state
powers
Interpretation of the
Constitution
Foreign policy
Position on issues:
-national bank
-protective tariff
Supporting
newspapers:
Farming (agriculture)
Pro-French
Admired French Revolution
Development of political parties
 Leaders in different states organized to support
either Hamilton or Jefferson.
 Jefferson’s supporters called themselves Democratic
Republicans.
 Hamilton’s supporters were called Federalists.
 Newspapers began to take sides.
 The two political parties took part in the election of
1796.
Election of 1796
Republican Candidates
V S.
Federalist Candidates
Thomas Jefferson for PRESIDENT John Adams for PRESIDENT
Aaron Burr for Vice President
Thomas Pinckney for Vice
President
The Winners
• John Adams for President
• Thomas Jefferson for Vice President
Quick check
One issue the first political parties clashed over was
a) which should be stronger—the central government or the
state governments.
b) whether the United States should expand beyond its
original borders.
c) whether George Washington should be permitted to retire.
d) whether the Supreme Court should be allowed to declare
laws unconstitutional.
Quick check
In 1796, the person with the most votes became President, and the
person with the second highest number of votes became Vice President.
One problem this caused in the election of 1796 was that
a) the votes had to be counted twice.
b) candidates for President and Vice President had to run together
on the same ticket.
c) the views of the opposing candidates were the same.
d) the people chosen as President and Vice President were from
opposing parties.