1.
Which of the following is not produced by an open injury:
a)division or laceration of the artery
b)traumatic false aneurysm
c)thickening of the adventitia
d)arterio-venous fistula
e)pulsating haematoma
2.
Which of the following is the most common cause of acute traumatic ischemia in a
limb?
a)mycotic aneurysm
b)closed injuries
c)open injuries
d)aortic dissection
e)arterial spasm
3.
What amount of heparin it s used for “regional” heparinization?
a)heparin (50units/mL) 10-15 mL
b)heparin (80units/mL ) 10-15 mL
c)heparin (10units/mL ) 10-15 mL
d)heparin (50units/mL ) 50 Ml
e)none
4.
Which is the sign for threatened viability of a limb in acute ischemia?
a)no ischemic pain
b)mild and incomplete neurologic deficit is present
c)adequate skin capillary circulation
d)audible Doppler pulsatile flow signal in pedal arteries
e)paresthesia
5.
The most commonly used plasminogen activators are the following except:
a)recombinant tissue-plasminogen activator(rt-PA)
b)prourokinase
c)streptokinase
d)warfarine
e)reteplase
6.
Chronic occlusion of the popliteal artery may produce:
a. brawny discoloration of the skin over the ankle
b. dilated collateral vessels in calf and foot
c. pain in the calf that is relieved by dependency
d. ulceration over the medial malleolus.
e. none of these above
7.
In which stages is indicated the medical and invasive/surgical treatment?
a)IIB, III and IV
b)only IV with diabetes
c) I,IIA and IIB
d)none
e)V
8.
Cholesterol-lowering drugs(statin therapy) should be recommended in patients with
peripheral vascular disease who have:
a)high-density lipoprotein (HDL) <40 mg/dl
b)triglycerides > 150 mg/dl
c)low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)>130 mg/dl
d)cholesterol >185mg/dl
e)low- density lipoprotein (LDL-C)<100 mg/dl
9.
.Which type of aterosclerosis involves the infrarenal aorta ,common and external iliac
arteries and may extend into the common femoral arteries?
a) type I
b) type II
c) type III
d) type IV
e) type IB
10.
Most of aortoiliac occlusive disease are older than 50 years and they also have:
a)ischemic heart disease
b)anginal symptoms always present
c)no acclusive plaques in the carotid arteries
d)none of those above
e)hipolipoproteinemia
11.
What is not a complication for both the procedures used in surgical treatment of the
aortoiliac occlusive disease?
a) thrombosis
b) intraoperative atheroembolism
c) rupture of popliteal artery
d) injury to adiacent duodenum,
e) injury to inferior vena cava and iliac arteries
12.
The following are characteristics of causalgia of an extremity except:
a)anhydrosis
b)burning pain
c)coolness
d)skin hypersensitivity
e)none
13.
Extracranial carotid lesions are due to atherosclerosis ,in what percentage?
a)50%
b)90%
c)70%
d)none of these above
e)100%
14.
A patient with carotid occlusive disease presents the following except:
a)amaurosis fugax (transient visual loss)
b)transient ischemic attacks
c)dizziness
d)stroke in evolution
e)cerebral inraction.
15.
The carotid artery on the right originates from:
a)directly from the aortic arch
b)right subclavian artery
c)innominate artery
d)left common carotid
e)left subclavian artery
16.
Deep vein thrombosis causes:
a. Primary varicose veins
b. Secondary varicose veins
c. Primary valvular insufficiency
d. Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome
e. Vasoconstriction
17.
Valvular insufficiency can be found in the following situations, except for:
a. Primary varicose veins
b. Secondary varicose veins
c. Avalvulia
d. Secondary to deep vein thrombosis
e. Kippel-Trenaunay syndrome
18.
Common symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency are, except for:
a. Heavy legs, prolonged standing pain, cramping
b. Burning sensation, aching, pruritus
c. (a) and (b)
d. Pain exarcebation after walking or ambulation
e. Pain relief after walking or ambulation
19.
Inspection of a limb with chronic venous insufficiency can reveal, except for:
a. telangiectasias
b. eczema
c. ulcer on the external ankle
d. white atrophy
e. lipodermatosclerosis
20.
The following statements referring the aorto iliac disease are true except:
a)the location of intermittent claudication is on the hip, buttocks, thigh
and calfs
b)distal claudication (calf) excludes aorto iliac disease
c)type I of aorto iliac disease implies the limitation of pathological
process at the aortic bifurcation and iliac arteries
d)type III of aorto iliac disease implies among the aorta and iliac arteries
,the infrainquinal arteries
e) apart the intermittent claudication, men with aorto iliac disease can
develop impotence
21.
Which of the following is false? In case of a normal arterial axe , the angiography can
reveal:
a) The exact location of the lesions
b)The existence of single or multiple lesions
c) The existence of collateral circulation
d) Cannot establish the embolic or thrombotic origin of an acute
ischemia
e) The state of distal arteries
22.
For the salvation of an extremity in optimal conditions ,the period of time between
the installation of ischemia and the surgical treatment must be shorter then :
a) 1-2 h
b) 4-6 h
c) 6-8 h
d)10 -12 h
e)12-24 h
23.
Considering that in the majority of the patients who suffered vascular trauma ,the
collateral circulation is poorly developed (young people , with normal arteries) ,the
irreversible ischemia appears :
a)earlier
b)later
c)doesn’t appear
d)fallowing muscular damage
e)fallowing nerve lesion
24.
These are vascular trauma with the best outcome , except :
a) simple vascular wounds
b) stabbed wounds
c) vascular ruptures
d) arterial contusions
e) iatrogenic vascular wounds
25.
A series of factors influence directly the outcome of vascular trauma, except :
a) the time elapsed between the moment of accident and surgical
intervention
b) young age
c) anatomic location
d )associated bone lesions
e) associated nerve lesions
26.
Acute arterial insufficiency is in most cases the result of intrinsec obstruction with a
clot. The following are true except :
a)a major cause of acute ischemia is arterial embolism
b)the most frequent source of clot is the heart cavities
c)embolism can be induced by pieces of atheroma plaques , called “ blue
toe syndrome”
d)clinical symptoms of acute thrombotic arterial occlusion are more
severe then in other etiologies
e)deep venous thrombosis can be cause of paradoxical arterial
embolism
27.
There are 6 clinical signs in acute ischemia , except :
a) pain
b)paresthesia
c)pallor
d)pulse distally to the occlusion
e)cold skin
28.
The following are false :
a)In case of severe acute ischemia , where the diagnose is obvious and
the suspicions regarding the etiology is strong , other investigations are
not necessary to establish the therapeutic indication
b)Considering that the heart is the main source of clots , the exam of
cardio –respiratory function is mandatory
c)The echography (especially Duplex scan ) is useful mainly for
establishing the existence of associated venous thrombosis
d)The long term outcome doesn’t depend on controlling the source of
clots
e)The deterioration of muscular mass has not a good prognostic
29.
The following statements referring to peripheral acute ischemia are true , except :
a) heparin administration prevent the distal spreading of clots
b)ischemic limb must avoid coldness , wormth or pressure on them
c) the retrograde flux( after removing the clots) shows inefficient distal
vascularisation
d)in case of venous thrombosis , the removing of clot must be done
before the establishment of arterial flux
e)the protection of distal vessels is the first step of surgical treatment in acute
ischemia
The first therapeutic gesture in embolic acute ischemia should be :
a)heparin administration in bolus
b)worming of ischemic limb
c)performing the embolectomy as soon as possible
d)administration of strong pain killers (morphine ,petidine)
e)manitol among urine alkalinisation prevents from acute kidney
failure
30.
31.
Which of the following is untrue?
a)for efficiency , embolectomy should be indicated and performed in the
first 6 hours
b)the decompresive fasciotomy are indicated in all cases of acute
ischemia
c)Embolectomy is usually performed under local anesthesia mostly
because the pacients are old and in bad general state
d)Heparin reduces to minimum the spreading of thrombosis
e)an efficient arterial revascularisation is excluded in case of absence of
a good distal flux
32.
These are true , except :
a) Aortic bicuspidy is frequently associated with aortic dissection
b)Closed thoracic trauma can determinate aortic dissection
c) Half of aortic dissections that occur in young female patient(<40
years old) concern the pregnant ones
d)Low blood pressure it s a rule in patient with aortic dissection
e)Iatrogenic injury in surgery of cardiac patient can be a cause of this
patology
33.
Non invasive methods of vascular imaging are the follows ,except :
a)measurement of ABI (ANKLE –BRACHIAL INDEX)
b) pletismography
c)Duplex scan
d)angiography
e)measurement of digital blood pressure
34.
The treatment with AVK (anti vitamin K drugs) is not indicated in the following cases ,
except :
a)in case of existing hemoragic disorders
b)malign high blood pressure
c)if the psycho-social context of the patient doesn’t permit the right
surveillance of the treatment
d)age<75 years
e)age >75 years
35.
Therapeutic thrombolysis is used essentially in the next situations, except :
a)treatment of cardiac arrest
b)treatment of pulmonary embolism
c)DVT started >14 days ago
d)DVT started <14 days ago
e)acute arterial thrombosis
36.
Contra indications of thrombolysis are , except one:
a)Cerebral history : trauma , aneurism , surgery , malignancy, transitory
or definitive cerebro-vascular attack
b)uncontrolled bleeding (genito –urinary or digestive)
c)hemostasis disorders
d)low blood pressure
e)high blood pressure
37.
Choosing a vascular prosthesis doesn’t take into account :
a) diameter of native vessel which it will be replaced or by –passed
b)infection
c)crossing an articular region
d)availability of an autogenous conduct
e)the cost of a synthetic graft
38.
Patients with aorto iliac disease symptomatic with intermittent claudication ,
moderate or slight, will benefit of more conservatory treatment , except:
a) quit smoking
b) daily exercise
c)losing weight
d)surgical intervention d’amblee
e)hydration
39.
Age and associated disease in patient with aorto iliac disease can indicate a specific
revascularisation technique, except:
a)axilo-femural by-pass
b)aterectomy
c)endoluminal angioplasty
d)aorto –bifemural by-pass
e)femuro –femoral by-pass
40.
Critical limb ischemia means the following , except :
a)continuous rest pain , needing pain killers ,for over 2 weeks
b)ischemic arterial ulcer
c)limb gangrene
d) systolic pressure at ankle :>50 mmHg
e) ) systolic pressure at ankle :<50 mmHg