Cells Structure/Function,
Active/Passive Transport, &
Photosynthesis/Cell Respiration
TEST REVIEW!
Test is on Tuesday, January 27th
What are the 3 parts to the cell
theory?
•
•
•
•
All living things are made of one or more cells.
The cell is the smallest unit of life.
All new cells come from pre-existing cells.
*The cell theory was developed by
observations from several scientists.
What scientists contributed to the cell
theory?
•
•
•
•
•
•
Robert Hooke
Matthias Schleiden
Theodor Schwann
Rudolf Virchow
Zacharias Jansen
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Cell Functions
• Rigid, outermost structure that protects the plant
Cell Wall
cell: ______________
Cell Membrane
• Controls what goes in and out of the cell: _________
Cytoplasm
• Gel-like material that holds cell organelles: ________
Nucleus
• Brain of the cell, controls functions: ______________
Cell Functions
Nucleolus
• Found in the nucleus, produces ribosomes: ________
• Controls what goes in and out of the nucleus:
Nuclear
______
Membrane
• In plant cells, used during photosynthesis: ________
Chloroplasts
Golgi body
• Receives, packages, and transports protein: _______
Cell Functions
Mitochondria
• Produces energy for the cell: _____________
Chromatin
• Contains DNA & carries genetic info: ________
Ribosomes
• Produces proteins: ___________
Rough ER
• Pathways with ribosomes: _____________
Cell Functions
Smooth ER
• Pathways without ribosomes: ____________
Lysosomes
• Break down large food particles: __________
Centriole
• Involved with cell division: _______________
• Storage area, holds water, wastes, food:
Vacuole
_______
Label the Plant Cell:
9
10
8
7
6
1
5
2
3
4
Label the Animal Cell:
1
2
9
3
8
4
7
5
6
What are the differences between
plant and animal cells?
•
•
•
•
Plant cells: chloroplasts and cell wall
Animal cells: lysosomes and centrioles
Plant cells: square; Animal cells: round
Vacuole is bigger in the plant cell and the
animal cell has many smaller vacuoles.
What are the differences between
eukaryotes and prokaryotes?
• Eukaryotes = nucleus
• Prokaryotes = no nucleus
• (Hint: pro rhymes with no, so no nucleus in
prokaryotes)
What does it mean to be “selectively
permeable”?
• Some substances can pass through, while
others cannot pass through.
How do molecules move in passive
transport?
• Passive transport: move from high to low
concentration (no energy – going downhill)
How do molecules move in active
transport?
• Active transport: move from low to high
concentration (needs energy – going uphill)
What are three examples of passive
transport?
• Diffusion
• Osmosis
• Facilitated Diffusion
What is Diffusion?
Diffusion is the movement of molecules from
high to low concentration.
What is Osmosis?
Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules
across a selectively permeable membrane.
What is Facilitated Diffusion?
Facilitated Diffusion is a type of diffusion that
uses special transport proteins (channel &
carrier proteins).
What are two examples of Active
Transport?
1. Endocytosis
2. Exocytosis
What is Endocytosis?
Endocytosis is the cell taking in a substance.
(Endo  enter) Engulfing is an example of this.
What is Exocytosis?
Exocytosis is the process during which a cell’s
vesicles release their contents outside the cell.
(Exo  exit)
Interpret active and passive transport
diagrams:
Active Transport:
low to high
concentration
Shows the
substances moving
Equilibrium has
been reached, an
even amount on
each side
Interpret active and passive transport
diagrams:
Passive Transport –
high to low
concentration, going
downhill, using no
energy.
Active Transport –
low to high
concentration, going
uphill, using energy.
Interpret active and passive transport
diagrams:
This is an
example of
endocytosis.
An amoeba
is engulfing a
white blood
cell.
Interpret active and passive transport
diagrams:
This is an example of equilibrium. Over time, the molecules
become evenly dispersed above and below the cell membrane.
Interpret active and passive transport
diagrams:
This is an
example of
facilitated
diffusion
because of
the special
transport
proteins.
What is cellular respiration?
• A series of chemical reactions that convert the
energy in food molecules into a useable form
of energy called ATP.
What is photosynthesis?
• A series of chemical reactions that convert
light energy, water, and carbon dioxide into
the food-energy molecule glucose and gives
off oxygen.
What is the chemical equation for
cellular respiration?
Write the equation for cellular respiration:
C6H12O6
(sugar)
+
6O2 -----> 6CO2
(oxygen)
Reactants
+
(carbon dioxide)
6H20 + energy (ATP)
(water)
Products
What is the chemical equation for
photosynthesis?
Write the chemical equation for photosynthesis:
Reactants
Products
In what cell structure does
photosynthesis occur?
• Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts.
In what cell structure does cellular
respiration occur?
1st stage: Cytoplasm
2nd stage: Mitochondria
What is Glycolysis?
Glycolysis is the process by which glucose is
broken down into smaller molecules.
What is Fermentation?
Fermentation is a reaction cells can use to obtain
energy from food when oxygen levels are low.
Different Types of Fermentation
• Lactic Acid Fermentation:
C6H12O6  ATP + Lactic Acid
Reactants
Products
• Alcohol Fermentation:
C6H12O6  ATP + CO2 + Alcohol
Reactants
Products
For more review…
• Complete the study guide handed out to you in class by
Ms. Magan and/or complete the study guide on your
Google Drive.
• Get your study guide checked by Ms. Magan or your RAS
teacher.
• Hand your study guide in the day of the test to receive
extra credit points!
• Play any of the review games on Ms. Magan’s or Mrs.
Caiola’s webpage!
Good luck and come see Ms. Magan or Mrs. Caiola with any
questions!!!   