Healthy Heart Resource
Distributed March 2013
Learning Objectives
1 - Healthy Choices
5 - Early Defibrillation
2 - Early Recognition
6 - Early Advanced Care
3 - Early Access
7 - Early Rehabilitation
4 - Early CPR
8 - Minutes Count
Chain of Survival
What is the most important link?
You are the most important link in the community
Healthy Choices
Risk Factors You Cannot Change
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Genetics
Gender
Age
Risk Factors You CAN Change
O.L.D.I.S.H.
• Over Weight
• Lipids
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High Bad Cholesterol
Low Good cholesterol
Diabetes
Inactivity
Smoking
High Blood Pressure
Smoking & Heart Disease
Did you know that…?
• Smoking damages linings of heart arteries
• Smoking lowers level of oxygen in your blood
• Smoking increases blood pressure
• Smoking increases blood cholesterol & plaque
• Smokers have a greater risk of sudden heart attack
• Second hand smoke can affect the heart
Smoking
• Tobacco is made up of tar, nicotine and carbon
monoxide. It contains poisons such as cyanide,
arsenic, formaldehyde (used to preserve dead
bodies) and ammonia (the chemical used in house
hold cleaning products).
• A lighted cigarette gives off more than 4000
chemicals.
• Two or three drops of pure nicotine can kill you.
Smoking: What does it do?
• Tar builds up in your lungs. When you inhale
cigarette smoke, you take in a lot of carbon
monoxide (the same substance that comes out
of a car exhaust).
• The most addictive substance in cigarettes is
nicotine.
Short term effects of smoking?
• Bad breath
• Smelly clothes and hair
• Getting out of breath and tired during sports
or other activities
• Being less attractive
• Being avoided by your non-smoking friends
• It is an addictive habbit
Long term effects of smoking
• More colds, coughs and sore throats
• It can make you look older
• Contributes to heart disease & fatal lung
diseases
• Cancer in the lungs, mouth & throat
• Smokers suffer from diseases such as
emphysema that causes breathlessness, heart
attacks, strokes and blood vessel diseases.
Second Hand Smoke
• Is a mixture of the smoke given off by the
burning end of a cigarette, pipe, or cigar, and
the smoke exhaled from the lungs of smokers.
• It is also called environmental tobacco smoke
(ETS)
• Exposure to second hand smoke is called
involuntary smoking or passive smoking.
Effects of second hand smoke
• It causes irritation of the eyes, nose and
throat.
• Also irritates the lungs, leading to coughing,
excess phlegm, chest discomfort and reduced
lung function.
• Affects the cardiovascular system, may cause
chest pain and cancer.
Coronary Arteries & Coronary Artery Disease
• The coronary arteries (blood vessels on the heart itself)
carry blood to the heart muscle providing a constant
supply of oxygen and nutrients.
• Cardiovascular disease begins long before a heart
attack.
• It begins when blood cells and fat begin to build up on
the inside walls of the arteries that supply blood and
oxygen to the heart.
• Gradually the amount of space inside the arteries gets
smaller.
• They are not able to carry as much blood and oxygen as
before.
• The heart has to work harder to supply the blood and
oxygen that the body needs.
• This process is called « hardening of the arteries » or
atherosclerosis.
• When the coronary arteries do not supply as much
blood and oxygen as the heart needs, a person may
suffer from an angina attack.
• If one of the coronary arteries becomes completely
blocked so that no blood can reach a part of the heart,
the person will have a heart attack.
Coronary
Heart
Disease
Plugged Arteries
(Plaques = Atherosclerosis)
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5.
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5
Healthy artery
Beginning of plaque build up (can start at 9 or 10 years old)
Plaque size increase (grows faster with more risk factors)
Plaque rupture starts blood clot causing heart artery or stroke
Plaques that do not rupture grow and diminish heart function
The Canadian Food Guide Says
females 14 to 18 need the following servings per day
• 7 vegetables & fruit
• 6 grain products
• 3 - 4 milk & alternatives
• 2 meat & alternatives
The Canadian Food Guide Says
males 14 to 18 need the following servings per day
• 8 vegetables & fruit
• 7 grain products
• 3 - 4 milk & alternatives
• 3 meat & alternatives
Vegetable & Fruit Serving Sizes
• 1/2 cup fresh fruit or vegetable
• 1/2 cup frozen fruit or vegetable
• 1/2 cup canned fruit or vegetable
• 1/2 cup 100% juice
• 1 cup leafy salad
• 1 piece whole fruit
Grains Products Serving Size
• 1 slice bread
• 1/2 bagel
• 1/2 pita
• 1/2 cup cooked rice
• 1/2 cup pasta
• 1/2 cup couscous
• 1/2 cup cold cereal
• 3/4 cup hot cereal
Milk & Alternative Serving Size
• 1 cup whole milk
• 1 cup soy fortified beverage
• 3/4 cup yogurt
• 1 ½ oz (50g) cheese
Meat & Alternatives Serving Size
• 1/2 cup cooked fish or shellfish
• 1/2 cup poultry
• 1/2 cup lean meat
• 1/2 cup shelled nuts
• 1/2 cup seeds
• 3/4 cup tofu
• 3/4 cup cooked beans (legumes)
• 2 eggs
• 2 tablespoons peanut butter
Foods to Eat in Moderation
• Cakes
• Pastries
• Cookies
• Ice cream
• Frozen desserts
• Candy
• Doughnuts
• High fat muffins
• French fries
• Nachos
• Potato chips
• Fruit flavoured drinks
• Soft drinks
• Sport & energy drinks
Foods to Avoid
Foods and beverages that
are really high in calories, fat,
sugar and/or salt (sodium)
Types of Fats
• Saturated Fats:
Increase Blood Cholesterol
• Hydrogenated Fats: Increase Blood Cholesterol
• Monounsaturated Fats: Decrease Blood
Cholesterol
• Polyunsaterated Fats: Decrease Blood
Cholesterol
• Omega-3 Fats: Decrease Blood Cholesterol
Saturated Fats
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Fatty meat
Dairy products (except skim milk)
Poultry skin
Egg yolk, butter, lard
Vegetable oil shortening
Cocoa butter, coconut
Tropical oils: coconut, palm, palm kernel
Hydrogenated Fats
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Cakes
Pastries
Cookies
Ice cream
Frozen desserts
Candy
Doughnuts
High fat muffins
Potato Chips
Monounsaturated Fats
• Oils: canola, peanut, olive, sesame
• Nuts: hazelnuts, pistachios, almonds, pecans,
peanuts
• Soft margarine
• Fish
• Olives, avocados
• Peanut butter
Polyunsaturated Fats
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Sun flower seeds
Soybean
Corn
Soft margarine
Almonds, pecans, walnuts
Omega – 3 Fats
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Canola oil
Fish & seafood
Flax seed
Walnuts
Soybeans
Omega – 3 eggs
Why Should I Exercise?
• Your heart is a muscle and
needs to “workout”.
• Exercise increases blood
circulation to all muscles.
• Daily activity helps maintain
a healthy weight, reduce fat,
and increase muscle.
What’s in it for me?
• Daily physical activity makes
you stronger and think better
• Daily physical activity reduces
the risk heart attack by 50%
• Daily activity lowers blood pressure
• Daily activity keeps weight under control
How Can We Become More Active?
• Take fitness and gym classes
• Walk, run, or bike
• Participate in a sport
• Join and use an activities facilities
• Swim
• Stretch your muscles everyday
Get your community services hours…
• Raking leaves, shovel snow, or
vacuum to help someone out.
• Take the dog for a walk
Recap on Healthy Living Module Slide
Early Recognition
Minutes Count!
Signs & Symptoms of a Heart Attack
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Chest pain or discomfort that persists for 5 minutes despite rest
May feel like pressure, squeezing, burning, or pain
May be located in the centre of the chest
May move to the shoulders, neck, jaw, arms, or back
Any combination of these symptoms
may indicate a HEART ATTACK!
Signs & Symptoms of a Heart Attack
• Shortness of breath
• Pale skin
• Sweating
• Weakness and fatigue
• Nausea, vomiting and/or indigestion
• Nervousness and fear
• Denial
Any combination of these symptoms
may indicate a HEART ATTACK!
What is a Stroke?
Brain blood vessel blockage that
stops blood getting to some brain
tissue
Brain blood vessel rupture that
stops blood getting to some brain
tissue and bleeds inside skull
causing increase pressure and
injury
Signs & Symptoms of a Stroke
• Paralysis or numbness on one side of the body
• Sudden partial loss of vision
• Difficulty speaking
• Nausea
Can you ……
• Headache
• Convulsion
Speak
• Loss of consciousness
Smile
• Denial
Stick out your tongue
Stroke
• Remember The 1st Three Letters... “S.T.R.”
– “S”
– “T”
– “R”
Ask the individual to STAND, SMILE and
then STICK out their tongue
Ask the person to TALK in a simple
sentence (i.e. . . It is sunny out today)
Ask him or her to RAISE both arms.
NOTE :
• If he or she has trouble with ANY ONE of these tasks, call 911
immediately and describe the symptoms to the dispatcher.
Recap on Early Recognition
Module Slide
Early Access
Minutes Count!
The first 10 minutes count
when someone has a …
• Heart attack
• Obstructed airway
• Allergies
• Drug reaction
• Drowning
• Electrocution
• Suffocation
• Gas poisoning
• Stroke
• Smoke inhalation
Get Professional Help
• Call 9-1-1
• When possible have a bystander call for you
• Tell them - where you are
- who you are
- what happened
• Always ask if they understand
• Let them hang up first
• Niagara has dispatch assisted CPR
Dispatch Questions
• What’s the address of the emergency?
• What’s the phone number you are calling from?
• What’s the problem, tell me exactly what happened?
(not obvious) Are you with the patient right now?
(not obvious) How many (other) people are hurt (sick)?
(choking) Is (s)he still choking now?
• How old is (s)he?
(unsure) Tell me approximately, then?
• Is (s)he conscious?
• Is (s)he breathing?
Recap on Early Access Module
Early CPR
Minutes Count!
Function of the Heart and Lungs
check out student or teacher pages at www.heartniagara.com
• The heart and lungs provide oxygenated
blood to the body, including the brain
and the heart muscle
Heart
• The lungs add oxygen to the blood
and remove carbon dioxide
• The heart pumps (circulates) blood
through the lungs and
then to the body, including the brain and
the heart muscle
Lungs
The Path of Oxygen
• Oxygen enters the body
Upper
airway
through the mouth and nose
with each breath
• Oxygen travels through the air
passages into the lung tissue
• Oxygen moves through the lung
tissue into the blood
Lower
airway
Anatomy of the Lungs
• The lungs are located on either side of the heart
• Each time you breathe in, your lungs fill with
fresh air containing oxygen.
• When you breathe out, you remove waste like
carbon dioxide
• Air that enters your lungs contains about 21%
oxygen.
• Air that you breathe out contains about 16%
oxygen and 5% carbon dioxide.
Anatomy of the Heart
• Heart is a hollow muscle about the size of your fist.
• Heart is located in the center of the chest, beneath the
lower half of the breastbone, at the nipple line.
• It is a two-sided pump.
• The right side of the heart receives blood from the
body and sends it through the lungs where waste
(carbon dioxide) is removed and fresh oxygen is
added.
• The left side of the heart receives the
oxygenated blood from the lungs and sends it
through large vessels (arteries) to the rest of
the body.
• With each beat of the heart, blood rushing
through the arteries creates a pulse that you
can feel.
• The pulse varies according to your age, fitness
and level of activity.
How Does Your Heart Work?
• Your heart is a muscle that has only one job and that is
to pump blood to every part of your body.
• The human heart is divided into four separate spaces
called chambers. Two chambers are on the upper
part; two are on the lower part.
• The top two chambers are the right and left atria.
Atrium receive blood from the lungs and body.
• The bottom two chambers are the right and left
ventricles. Ventricles pump blood out of the heart.
• Every time your heart beats, blood is being
squeezed out by the ventricles.
• Blood moves only in one direction. Valves in
the heart keep the blood from moving
backwards.
• A muscular wall divides the right side of the
heart from the left side. Blood cannot flow
from one side to the other.
Minutes Count!
0-4 minutes
Clinical death
Breathing and pulse stop.
4-6 minutes
Biological death
Brain cells may start to die.
6-10 minutes
Brain damage very likely.
10 minutes PLUS
Brain cells die
Irreversible damage to brain.
What is CPR?
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)
The best chance for survival depends on
early CPR and early defibrillation
What Can I Do?
• CHECK surroundings
• CHECK the victim
• CALL 911
• CARE ABC
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
(CPR)
AIRWAY
(A) Opened and remains clear
BREATHING
(B) Check breathing - give breath if needed
CIRCULATION (C) Check skin colour - give compressions if
needed
Your Goal
To increase the number of people that survive heart
attacks by increasing the number of people trained in
bystander CPR
• Bystander CPR can double the chance
of surviving a cardiac arrest
• Less than 1 in 3 people who have a
heart attack get bystander CPR
• Everyone in our community can respond
in an emergency with CPR
Recap of Early CPR Module
Early Defibrillation
Locate AED and follow instructions
Locate and get the
AED and follow
instructions
Locations in Niagara
Early Advanced Care
10,000 steps or 60 minutes of daily
activity will make a difference
Heart Niagara CPR course through
Grade 9 Physical Education
Skills you learn in the CPR Class
• How to manage
- a conscious choking victim
- unconscious choking victim
• Adult CPR
• Child CPR
Level of Consciousness
ALERT - Speak to victim to see if awake
VERBAL - Shout at the victim to see if they are sleeping
PAIN - Pinch and pat
UNRESPONSIVENESS - If the victim still does not respond,
assume they are unconscious
CPR
ABC’s
AIRWAY - Check to see if anything is blocking the airway
BREATHING - Look, listen and feel
CIRCULATION - Check skin colour
30-2 - 30 compressions / 2 breaths
The presentation was put together by
Heart Niagara to support heart health curriculum
in secondary school with materials from
1. Heart Niagara www.heartniagara.com
2. Health Canada www.hc-sc.gc.ca
3. The American Heart Association www.americanheart.org
4. The Heart & Stroke Foundation of Canada www.hsf.ca
5. Niagara Region Public Health www.niagararegion.ca
6. Niagara EMS www.regional.niagara.on.ca/medicalservices
7. Region of Niagara www.regional.niagara.on.ca
8.
Nutrition Data www.nutritiondata.com
9. Red Cross www.redcross.org
Injury Prevention
How CPR Can Make a Difference in
Infants and Children
Injury Prevention
Motor Vehicles
• Buckle up! Everyone!
• Children up to 4 years and 40 lb:
use child-restraint device (install correctly!)
• Children 40-80 lb: use belt-positioning booster seat
• Children taller than 58 inches and more than 80 lb and
adults: use lap and shoulder belt
• Children 12 years or younger should sit in the BACK seat
Injury Prevention
Pedestrians
• Supervise children near traffic
• Teach children to stop, look, and listen before
crossing the street and to use crosswalks
Bicycles
• Always wear bike helmet (ANSI-or Snell-approved)
• Ride on right side of road; avoid busy streets
Injury Prevention
Drowning
• Supervise children near water, including bathtubs
and pools, at all times!
• Completely surround outdoor pools with fences
• Be sure children wear life vests when swimming
in a natural body of water or boating
Firearms
• Store all firearms UNLOADED and LOCKED
Burns and smoke inhalation
• Use smoke alarms (check batteries twice a year)
• Keep drapes and furniture away from heaters
Injury Prevention
Poisonings
• Keep poison out of reach of children
• Do not store in drinking containers or bottles
• Place poison control number near phone
Falls
• In high buildings place gates on all windows in children’s
rooms
• Use gates to block stairways from infants and toddlers
Injury Prevention
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
• Place healthy infants to sleep on their backs
(“Back to sleep”)
• Do not put any stuffed toys or fluffy comforters
or quilts in the crib with the baby
Choking
• Do not allow infants and small children to play
with small toys
• If a toy is small enough to fit in a standard toilet
paper roll, it can block a child's airway
Suffocation
• Do not allow infants or children to play with
plastic bags, balloons, or drapery cords
Questions?