What is apoptosis?
Programmed cell death/cell suicide
What is the difference between chromatin and chromatid?
Chromatin is DNA protein complex that makes up chromosomes
Chromatids are the two sides of a chromosome
How many chromosome pairs are in the human genome?
23 pairs, 46 total
What is the difference between sex cells and somatic cells?
Sex cells are gametes, sperm and egg
Somatic cells are all regular cells
Which undergo mitosis? Which undergo meiosis?
Sex cells  meiosis
Somatic cells  mitosis
Sex cells are also known as?
gametes
What are the stages that make up the cell cycle?
Interphase
Growth 1, synthesis, growth 2
Mitotic phase
Mitosis
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, Telophase
Cytokinesis
How do interphase and mitosis differ? What are the stages of each?
See above
Know what occurs in each stage
Is cytokinesis part of mitosis? Why or why not?
No mitosis is division of nucleus,
cytokinesis is division of cytoplasm and cell membrane
What stage is DNA replicated?
S phase in interphase
What are sister chromatids?
Each side of the chromosome, they are identical
Which phase takes up the most time?
interphase
What is another word for homologous chromosomes?
Sister chromatids
What are they? Identical? Different?
identical
What force holds together sister chromatids?
Sister chromatid cohesion
What are chromosomes made up of?
Chromatin
What is G0? What cell types spend their life in this stage?
Brain cells (neurons) and heart cells
Quiescent not dividing or wanting to divide state
What is the product of mitosis?
Two identical daughter cells, diploid
What is the product of meiosis?
4 different haploid daughter cells
What are the steps of mitosis? In order? What occurs in each?
What are the steps of meiosis? In order? What occurs in each?
What is binary fission?
How prokaryotes divide
What are tetrads? Are they part of mitosis or meiosis?
2 chromosomes linked together, meiosis
What is the difference between haploid and diploid cells?
Haploid (n) diploid (2n)
Does mitosis result in haploid or diploid cells?
diploid
Does meiosis result in haploid or diploid cells?
haploid
If a female organism has a diploid umber of 6 how many chromosomes do her egg cells
contain?
3
What is a polar body? What is it produced from?
3 inactive egg cells of the 4 egg cells produced during oogenesis (meiosis)
What is the center part of a chromosome called?
centromere
Where are chromosomes found?
In the nucleus
Where was mitosis first observed? What cell type?
Onion root tip
What is the cleavage furrow? Where is it first observed?
Telophase, the initial pinching off of the cell
During which phase does the mitotic spindle form?
prophase
During which phase does the nuclear envelope begin to fragment?
prophase
During which phase does the nuclear envelope reform?
Telophase
What are cyclin dependent kinases or cdks?
Regulator protein that exist within the cell cycle
What do they do?
Check to ensure the cell is ready to divide
Do cancer cells have cdks?
no
What is the difference between a benign and malignant tumor?
Malignant has spread from initial tissue (cancer)
Benign is stationary, if it was in brain, all cells remain in brain
What is spermatogenesis? What is the result?
Process of making sperm cells (haploid cells) (meiosis)
Makes 4 haploid sperm cells
What is oogenesis? What is the result?
Process of making egg cells (meiosis)
Makes 4 haploid cells, (3 polar bodies and 1 viable egg cell)
What is the centromere?
Center of chromosome
When does a tetrad form?
Prophase 1 of meiosis
What are examples of gametes?
Sperm and egg
Be able to visually identify the processes within mitosis.
Be able to compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis within a venn diagram
What is crossing over? Where does it occur and why does it happen?
Prophase 1 of meiosis
Allows for genetic diversity
Describe how cancer relates to the cell cycle
It is uncontrolled cell division. The cell does not known when to stop dividing