Chapter 2 Questions
Using information found on Mr. Binder’s slides as well as the textbook,
answer all of the following questions please.
1. Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Provide
examples of each.
2. What are organelles?
3. What is the function of the nucleus? What is the function of the
nucleolus?
4. What is the purpose of the nuclear envelope?
5. Describe the endomembrane system. Provide 4 functions?
6. What is the function of ribosomes?
7. What is the function of the rough ER? Why is it bound to the nuclear
membrane?
8. What is the function of the smooth ER? Why is it different from the
rough ER?
9. What is the function of Golgi bodies? Provide two ways they make a
protein and lipid fully functional.
10. What is the function of the mitochondria? Why are they different from
all other organelles in the cell?
11. What is the function of vesicles? Provide three examples of vesicles
and describe their role in the cell.
12. Why do cells have a cytoskeleton? What makes up the cells
cytoskeleton? Describe the role of each of these proteins in the cell.
13. What is the function of centrosomes? What do centrosomes contain?
What type of protein is this made up of?
14. Describe the role of cilia, flagella, pseudopod, and pili in cells.
15. Which organelles discussed in class found in plant cells only?
16. What is the function of the cell wall? What is it made of? What is the
purpose of the waxy cuticle on plant leaves?
17. Describe 3 different types of plastids? Which one is responsible for the
site of photosynthesis?
18. What is the space between cells called? Describe it. Provide 3 ways
that cells are able to communicate with each other.
19. What is the role of the plasma membrane?
20. Describe the plasma membrane using the fluid mosaic model.
21. What is the function of cholesterol in the plasma membrane? Describe
how cholesterol is able to maintain fluidity of the plasma membrane.
22. What types of proteins are found in and around the plasma
membrane? Provide 4 roles of these proteins and how they are each
specific to the membrane.
23. Compare and contrast integral and peripheral proteins.
24. Describe passive transport.
25. Describe simple diffusion. What types of molecules would you expect
to diffuse across the membrane via simple diffusion? Which molecules
would not?
26. Describe facilitated diffusion. What 2 types of proteins are involved
with facilitated diffusion?
27. Describe how channel proteins and carrier proteins function to
transport molecules across the membrane. What types of molecules
would you expect to diffuse across the membrane via facilitated
diffusion? Which molecules would not?
28. Describe the rate of diffusion as the concentration difference across
the membrane increases for both simple and facilitated diffusion.
29. Describe osmosis? How is water transported across the plasma
membrane? Describe three different environments in a cell when
comparing solute concentration vs water concentration. Which
environment would our cells most likely maintain?
30. Describe active membrane transport. What are the two types?
31. Describe phosphorylation. How is ATP involved in this process?
32. Describe the process of primary active transport. What is the purpose
of primary active transport?
33. How is secondary active transport different from primary active
transport? What is the purpose of secondary active transport?
Describe 2 ways molecules are transported across the membrane.
34. Describe exocytosis. What types of molecules are transported via
exocytosis? Using your knowledge of exocytosis, describe how your
body responds to an allergic reaction. What molecule is released?
35. Describe endocytosis. What types of molecules are transported via
endocytosis? Explain 3 different types of endocytosis.