Name ___________________________________
Class Period ____________
Unit #3: Biological Bases of Behavior
RG 3A
pg. 51-58
Neurons(what do they do and how?)Draw a neuron in the box to the left. Then,
describe
the parts of the neuron below next to each
part.
●
Dendrites
●
Axons
●
Myelin sheath
Why is myelin (sheath) important?
How fast do neural impulses travel?
Action potential is...
What physically happens to a neuron when action potential goes through it?
●
Explain the neuron firing process by finishing the following sentences by describing what
happens to a neuron in each situation.
○
Resting Potential is when....
○
Depolarization occurs when...
○
Refractory period is when...
Excitatory vs. inhibitory signals
●
Threshold
●
How is the All-or-nothing principle like flushing a toilet?
Neural communication (or how neurons communicate with each other)
● Synapse…what is it and what happens?
○
Reuptake is...
- Why do neurons reuptake?
○
Neurotransmitters are...
■
Dopamine
■
Serotonin
■
Norepinephrine
■
GABA
■
Acetylcholine
■
Endorphins
How do drugs affect the neurotransmission?
●
Agonists
●
Antagonists
What would happen to someone if... (this requires you to think and make conclusions)
1. An antagonist blocked transmission of acetylcholine?
○ State a substance that does this (acts as an antagonist of acetylcholine)
2. An agonist mimicked endorphins?
○ State a substance that does this (acts as an agonist of endorphins)
○ So... why are agonists of endorphins particularly addictive?
3. Someone's levels of serotonin are low?
RG 3B
pg. 59-63
Nervous System
Types of neurons (research via outside resources for types)
● Sensory neurons (also called ___________ neurons)●
Interneurons-
●
Motor neurons (also called ___________ neurons)○
Come up with a creative way to remember that sensory=afferent and motor=efferent)
Peripheral nervous system
●
Somatic nervous system-
●
Autonomic nervous system○
Sympathetic nervous system
Parasympathetic nervous system
■
How do the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems work
together?
Give an example (YOUR OWN- not the book’s) of a real-life situation when sympathetic and parasympathetic N.S.’s work
together.
Central nervous system consists of and controls...
●
What is the function of your spinal cord?
○
Reflexes
■
Simple reflex
■
Give a real life example of a situation when your reflexes come in handy
●
What is the function of the brain?
○
Neural networks
■
How does a neural network function?
Endocrine System
●
Hormones
○
Hormones vs. neurotransmitters
■
How do hormones and neurotransmitters work together?
●
Adrenal glands
●
Pituitary gland
RG 3c
pg. 66-82
The Brain Day 1
Studying the brain
● Lesions
●
CT
●
Electroencephalogram (EEG)
●
PET (positron emission tomography) scan
○
●
it shows?
MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)
○
it shows?
○
○
f-MRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging)
■
it shows?
OLDER BRAIN STRUCTURES
Brainstem:
●
Medulla
●
Reticular formation
Thalamus:
Cerebellum:
●
Describe an instance recently when (in hindsight) you are glad you had a functioning cerebellum
Limbic system:
●
Hippocampus
●
Amygdala
○
●
What do you need to remember about the function of the amygdala (and other structures)?
Hypothalamus
○
Pleasure centers?
The Cerebral Cortex
*What about the human brain sets humans apart from animals?
Structure of the cerebral cortex
Glial cells:
Lobes
Functions of the cortex
● Motor cortex
○
How does it work? How do we know this?
○
Size of area vs. control of body parts
○
Explain neural prosthetics.
●
●
Sensory cortex
○
How does it work? How do we know this?
○
Size of area vs. sensitivity of body parts
Association areas
○
Frontal lobe?
■
●
Phineas Gage – what happened and what did we learn from him?
○
Parietal lobe?
○
Right temporal lobe?
Language
○
Aphasia
○
Areas associated with language…
■ Broca’s Area
●
■
Wernicke’s Area
●
■
○
What happens if it is damaged?
What happens if it is damaged?
Angular gyrus
How are we able to read aloud?
■
What does this show us about how the brain operates/functions?
Brain Day 2:
RG 3D
pg. 82-91
Plasticity
●
Does the brain’s “hardware” change with time? If so, how?
○
●
What happens when one area of the brain is damaged?
Why are our brains more “plastic” when we are young?
Our Divided Brains
● Explain the procedure done first by Vogel and Bogen…what did they do? Why did they do
it? (be sure to include terms of corpus callosum and split brains)
○
Describe the “abnormalities” that occur in split brain patients? Why do these
abnormalities seem to occur?
■
When the “two minds are at odds”, what seems to happens in/with the two
hemispheres?
Hemisphere differences in the intact brain
● The right hemisphere seems to specialize more in….
●
The left hemisphere seems to specialize more in….
●
Give two examples/studies that have proven the above to be true…
1.
2.
Brain Organization and Handedness
What percentage of the population is…
●
right-handed?
●
left-handed?
○
…and appears to be more common in which sex?
Is handedness inherited? (Explain.)
Being left-handed can be positive as left-handers are more common among….
However, left-handers decrease dramatically with age…why (especially according to
Coren and Halpern)???
●
What did Coren and Halpern find out about handedness and longevity?
Explain Sperry’s view of the mind and brain as a holistic system.