

Rome vs. Carthage (trading empire)
3 Punic Wars- fought to control Mediterranean Sea

1st War
 Romans build navy
 Carthage wants peace

2nd Punic War



Hannibal- Carthaginian general, took over
parts of Rome
Scipio- Roman general that took Carthage
Rome wins

3rd Punic War


Rome destroys Carthage & invades Greece
Rome was now the supreme power in the
Mediterranean
Trade & Food
A.

new wealthy class emergedequites
B.
Gracchi- brothers, saw need
for reform in republic
C.
Spartacus (73-71 BC): led
slave rebellion of 90,000
Gaius Marius 107 BC
A.

created a volunteer army
- were paid & given land
B. Lucius Sulla 88 BC
 Civil war – became dictator
1.
2.
First Triumvirate: Caesar, Pompey and
Crassus formed a political alliance
Caesar brought all of Gaul under Roman rule
Reforms
3.
a.
b.
c.
Launched war on Rome
Name dictator for life by Senate
Increased size of Senate but reduced its power
Ides of March- 44 BC
4.

conspirators killed Caesar in the Senate
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nPYuxReh7fM&feature=relmfu&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active
2nd Triumvirate
A.
Mark Antony: became
disliked in Rome after his
affair with Cleopatra
B. Octavian : becomes first
Roman emperor
A.
B.
Augustus- first ruler of Roman Empire
Pax Romana- reign of Augustus
c.
d.
Caligula: “Little Boot”- wanted to name his
horse consul
Nero: Emperor who mercilessly persecuted the
Christians
E.
F.
G.
Nerva: the first of a series of rulers known as
the Five Good Emperors
Hadrian: built a big wall in Great Britain to
keep out invaders
Marcus Aurelius: the last of the Good
Emperors