• 11/20 Focus:
– Athens and Sparta were the two dominant
city-states in Greece before the
Peloponnesian War.
– The war weakened both the military and
economy of Athens and Sparta and made it
possible for the Macedonians to take over
Greece.
• Do Now:
– Identify the two forms of Greek drama.
Ancient Greece
Peloponnesian War
• War fought
between
Athens and
Sparta
from 431404 BC
Causes of the War
• Athens established
the Delian League
after the Persian
War
– Athens dominated
the other city states
in the league
• Controlled the
alliance
• Would not allow
city-states to leave
the league
• Uses the league to
increase it wealth,
influence and naval
power
Causes of the War
• Sparta and its allies
form the
Peloponnesian
League
• Formed to provide
protection for its
members
• Resented the
growing influence
of Athens
– Saw Athenian navy
as a threat to trade
War
• Athens and Sparta go to
war in 431 B.C.
• Athens tried to avoid
land battles with Sparta
• Sparta invades Athenian
territory
– Athenians take refuge
inside Athens
• Plague breaks out
• Pericles dies
• Athenian navy destroyed
by Sparta
• Athens and its allies
surrender in 404 BC
Effects of the War
• Greek city-states severely weakened by
war
• Athens loses its power, influence, and
wealth
– Navy destroyed
– Army severely weakened
– Allies abandon Athens
• Sparta dominates for a short period of
time but can’t maintain control
– Army weakened
– Defeated by the Greek city-state Thebes
Closure
• What city-state dominated the Delian
League?
• What happened inside Athens that
killed large numbers of Athens during
the Spartan siege of the city?
• What was one effect of the
Peloponnesian War?
• 11/21 Focus:
– Alexander the Great formed a huge empire,
spread Greek culture into Egypt and many
parts of Asia, and paved the way for new
civilizations to develop.
• Do Now
– Identify two effects of the Peloponnesian
War.
Macedonia
• Kingdom to the
north of Greece
• Phillip of
Macedonia
conquers Greece
in 338 B.C.
•
Alexander the Great
• Son of Phillip of
Macedonia
– Studied politics and
war
• Student of Aristotle
• Becomes King of
Macedonia
– Phillip is stabbed to
death by a former
guard
Alexander the Great
• Conquests
allow him to
form a huge
empire
– Greece
– Nile River
Valley
– Persia
– Part of India
•
Hellenistic Culture
• Alexander encouraged
blending of cultures in areas
he conquered
– Creates new cities (ex.
Alexandria in Egypt)
– Encourages people from
other parts of the empire
to move to these cities
• Cultural Diffusion leads to
the formation of Hellenistic
Culture
– Blending of Greek, Persian,
Egyptian, and Indian cultures
Hellenistic Culture
• Hellenistic culture gave more rights and
opportunities to women
– Gain political power
• Ended the independent city-states in
Greece
– Absolute rule becomes the dominate form
of government
•
Closure
• What was the name of the alliance of
city states established by Athens?
• What was the primary effect of the
Peloponnesian War on Greece?
• How did Alexander the Great contribute
to cultural diffusion?
Review
Learning about beliefs
and ideas by asking
questions
Believed government
should be run by
philosophers
Believed one strong
and good leader
should rule
Put to death by the
government
Divided society into
three classes:
Workers, soldiers, and
philosophers
Believed people
learned through
reason
Review
?
• Oligarchy
• Military
Society
• Trade and
travel not
allowed
• Military
training for
all boys
• Women
could own
property
?
?
• Direct
Democracy
• Trade and
travel
encouraged
• Value
education
• Women
seen as
inferior
Review
Geographic
Feature
Mountainous
Terrain
Coastline with
many natural
harbors
Limited fertile
valleys; rocky soil
Effect
Review
• Identify
two
effects of
the
Persian
Wars on
Greek
city-states
Review
• What were
the two early
civilizations
in Greece
that formed
the basis for
the classical
Greek
civilization?
Review
• What characterized Athens during its
golden age?
Closure
• How did Alexander the Great contribute
to cultural diffusion?