Key
Anatomy Muscle Test
Choose the best answer for each question.
1. Cardiac muscle tissue is the only type of muscle tissue that has_______
a. Striations
b. Multiple Nuclei
c. Intercalated Disks Knowledge: Objective 2
d. Neurons
2. What type of muscle lines the digestive tract and is important for peristalsis?
a. Smooth Muscle Knowledge: Objective 2
b. Cardiac Muscle
c. Skeletal Muscle
d. Striated Muscle
3. Muscles are formed out of a series of bundles. These bundles__________________.
a. Make the muscle longer, like a chain.
b. Give the muscles tensile strength, like a rope. Knowledge: Objective 3
c. Give the muscles a robust shape, like a ball
d. Add nuclei to the muscles
4. List the different bundles within muscles from smallest to largest.
a. Filament, Fascicle, Muscle, Muscle Fiber, Myofibril
b. Muscle, Fascicle, Muscle Fiber, Myofibril, Filaments
c. Fascicle, Myofibril, Filaments, Muscle Fiber, Muscle
d. Filaments, Myofibril, Muscle Fiber, Fascicle, Muscle Knowledge: Objective 3
5. ____________ have blood vessels and neurons associated with them.
a. Myofibril
b. Fascicle Knowledge: Objective 3
c. Filaments
d. Muscle Fiber
6. Striations are caused by alternating bands of ____________________
a. Perimysium and Epimyisum
b. Nuclei
c. Myosin and Actin Knowledge: Objective 3
d. A and C
7. What is the functional unit of the muscle?
a. Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
b. Sarcomere Knowledge: Objective 4
c. Nuclei
d. Epimysium
8. How does a Sarcomere shorten?
a. Actin fibers shorten
b. Mysosin fibers shorten
c. Actin and Myosin slide past each other Comprehend: Objective 5
d. Sarcomeres do not shorten.
9. Muscle fibers that are fatigue resistant are known as __________________
a. Skeletal Muscles
b. Fast twitch muscles
c. Toned muscles
d. Slow twitch Muscles Knowledge: Objective 11
10. Which of the following is not a type of muscle twitch?
a. Summation
b. Series
c. Sporadic Knowledge: Objective 10
d. Tetanus
11. The movable end of a muscle is called the ______________.
a. Origin
b. Insertion Knowledge: Objective 12
c. Belly
d. Tendon
12. The immobile end of a muscle is called the ______________.
a. Origin Knowledge: Objective 12
b. Insertion
c. Belly
d. Tendon
13. The strength of a signal needed to cause the muscle to contract is known as the
a. Motor Neuron
b. Reflex
c. Myogram
d. Threshold Stimulus Knowledge: Objective 7
14. What does it mean to say that a muscle fibers exhibit an all-or-none response to the stimuli.
a. All of the muscle fibers contract at exactly the same time
b. The muscle fiber contracts all the way. Comprehend: Objective 8
c. The muscle contracts very rapidly.
d. The muscle fiber only contracts half way.
15. What does the term Biceps Brachii tell you about the muscle
a. It has two points of origin
b. It is in the arm
c. A and B Apply: Objective 14
d. You can’t tell anything about the muscle by the name.
16. Which of the following muscles is not part of the Quadricep?
a. Rectus Femoris
b. Vastus Medials
c. Sartorius Knowledge: Objective 14
d. Vastus Lateralis
17. The semitendinosus is part of a group of muscles known as the ______________.
a. Tricep
b. Epicranius
c. Quadrucep
d. Hamstring Knowledge: Objective 14
18. The gastrocnenemius and the tibialis anterior act as ____________________.
a. Synergists
b. Prime mover and antagonist pair Apply: Objective 17
c. Independent muscles
d. Cardiac Muscle
19. What muscle originates on the clavicle, spine and scapula, inserts on the humerus, and functions
to raise the arm above the head?
a. Deltoid Knowledge: Objective 13, Objective 15
b. Latissimus Dorsi
c. Triceps Brachii
d. Trapezius
20. What is the function of the sternocleidomastoid?
a. Turn and flex neck Knowledge: Objective 13
b. Raise shoulders
c. Causes the head to look up
d. Helps you chew your food.
Answer the following three Questions based on the Graph.
21. What is the name of this type of graph?
a. Twitch Graph
b. Signal Chart
c. Myogram Knowledge: Objective 9
d. Histogram
22. What does this graph represent?
a. Tetanus
b. Summation Analyze: Objective 9
c. Series
d. Sporadic
23. What causes this type of a contraction to happen? Could be comprehension or analysis
Objective 9, 8
a. It can’t
b. Signals are too frequent to allow for complete relaxation between twitches
c. Muscle fatigue causes the contraction to keep losing strength.
d. This is the normal Pattern observed from a single stimulus.
Match the Following Muscles to their point of Insertion.
Knowledge: Objective 15
24. ___C__ Biceps Brachii
a. Femur
25. ___A__ Gluteus Maximimus
b. Humerus
26. ___D__ Gastrocenemius
c. Radius
27. ___B__ Pectoralis major
d. Calcaneus
28. ___E__ Rectus Femoris
e. patella/ Tibia
Label Image with the following Structures (8 points) Knowledge: Objective 4
Z-Line, A-Band, H-Zone, Myosin, Sarcomere, Actin, M-line, I-Band
Sarcomere
A-Band
I band
I- Band
H- Zone
Z-line
M-Line
Z-Line
Actin
Myosin
Label the different structures in Skeletal Muscles (12 points) Knowledge: Objective 3
Bone
Tendon
Muscle Belly
Epimysium
Perimysium
Fascicle
Nucleus
Sarcoplasmic
Reticulum
Muscle Fiber
Endomysium
Myofibril
Filaments
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate answer. (12 points) Knowledge: Objective 2
Type of Muscle
Cardiac
Skeletal
Smooth
Voluntary? (Y/N)
No
Yes
No
Striated? (Y/N)
Yes
Yes
No
Cell shape/
Organization
Branched
Intercalated disks
Long fibers
Parallel
Elongated cells
Randomly Organized
Yes
No
Multinucleated? (Y/N) No
Fill in the blanks (1point each)
Knowledge: Objective 18
Write the correct Prefix or Suffix
Define the Prefixes and Suffixes
Between:
inter-
Calat-
something inserted
Muscle:
myo-
Hyper-
over or more
Together:
syn-
Laten-
hidden
Work:
erg-
Sarco-
flesh
Well Fed:
troph-
Tetan-
stiff
Answer the following questions in either complete sentences or bullet point form.
1.) What are the four functions/ roles of muscles? (4 points)
1.
2.
3.
4.
Movement of the Skeleton
Movement of substances throughout the body (i.e. food, blood, oxygen etc)
Thermoregulation
House and control sensory organs (i.e. tongue and eyes)
Knowledge: Objective 1
2.) What is the Sliding Filament Theory? Explain why it is a good model. (3 points)
The sliding filament theory describes how a Sarcomere shortens. According to the Sliding
filament theory, Actin and Myosin filaments retain their individual lengths and slide past one
another to cause the overall length of the sarcomere to shorten.
Comprehension and Evaluation: Objective 5, 6
3.) How is it possible to have different strength of muscle contractions if each twitch creates an Allor-Nothing response? Explain your answer. (3 points)
Every time a muscle fiber receives a stimulus the entire fiber contracts, this is known as the
all-or nothing response. However, different strengths of contraction can be created by
changing the frequency of the stimuli. A muscle receiving infrequent stimuli will have a weak
contraction whereas a muscle receiving rapid stimuli will have a strong contraction. (This is
caused by summation events, eventually leading to tetanus.)
Comprehension and Application, maybe a little synthesis as it takes a few different concepts
and blends them : Objective 8
4.) Describe how the Biceps Brachii, Triceps Brachii and Bracialis all work together to extend and
flex the forearm. Your answer should mention prime movers, synergists, and antagonists. (5
points)
The biceps Brachii and the bracilis are synergists. They both function to flex the arm at the
elbow. When these two muscles are flexing the elbow they are also the prime mover group
and the Tricpes Brachii functions as the antagonist. However, when the arm is being
extended, the Triceps Brachii becomes the primary mover and the Biceps Brachii, along with
the Brachialis, is the antagonist.
Comprehension and Application: Objective 16
Extra Credit: Knowledge
What major muscle allows you to smile by pulling the corners of your mouth up? Zygomaticus
How is a genuine smile different from a fake smile?
During a genuine smile the Obicularis Oculi are also stimulated causing the eyes to crease.
TSWBAT
1.
List the four main roles/functions of muscle within the human body
2. Describe the defining characteristics of the different types of muscle.
3. Identify the structures that make up the muscles.
4. Identify the different parts of a Sarcomere
5. Explain the sliding filament theory
6. Explain why the Sliding Filament theory is a good model for Muscle contraction.
7. Describe threshold stimulus.
8. Explain how different contractions strengths can be consistent with a “all or nothing”
response
9. Interpret myograms in relation to the different types of Muscle Contractions
10. Define the different types of Muscle contractions or “twitches”
11. Define fast and slow twitch muscle
12. Define origin and insertion
13. Describe the functions of the different muscles
14. Identify the location of the major muscles of the body
15. Describe the origin, insertion, and action of several of the major muscles
16. Describe antagonism and synergy as it applies to muscles
17. Differentiate between Antagonist and Synergist Relationships
18. Define Latin prefixes and suffixes associated with muscles