1. A full skeleton diagram – a practice one is included in this study guide
2. Sketch a long bone. Label and explain each part
Epipysis (proximal and distal), diaphysis, articular cartilage, periosteum, endosteum, compact (cortical) bone, spongy (cancellous) bone, medullary cavity
3. What are osteocytes and in what part of the bone do you find them?
4. What is the difference between Haversian canals and Volkmann’s canals?
5. Explain the formation of bone using the following words:
Ossification, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, epiphyseal disks.
6. Briefly describe the 6 fracture types.
7. Briefly explain the four functions of bone.
7a. What is hematopoiesis?
7b. What is the function of red marrow and yellow marrow?
8. Axial versus appendicular skeleton……
What is the purpose of each?
What bones do you find in each?
{No bone feature questions, you will have enough of that in the lab practical.}
9. Specific bone questions…..
What bone supports the tongue?
What are the 5 sections the vertebrae are divided into (in order) and how many vertebrae are found in each section?
How do the sections of vertebrae differ in structure?
What is the purpose of the vertebral column?
What separates each vertebrae?
What are the functions of the thoracic cage?
What bones form the… pectoral girdle? pelvic girdle? coxal bone? elbow joint? ankle joint? symphysis pubis?
10. What is a joint? What is an articulation?
11. Describe the 3 groups of joints with examples.
12. Describe the types of Synovial joints with examples.
13. Specific joint questions…..
What is synovial fluid?
What are menisci?
What are bursae?
What is articular cartilage made of?
What are ligaments?
14. What is goniometry?
15. Describe types of movements with their opposites.