Bonding and Nomenclature
Ms. Oster - Physical Science
What is a chemical bond?
Chemical Bond: An attraction between atoms that allows
for the formation of molecules (2 or more atoms
together).
Two main types:
1. Ionic Bond
2. Covalent Bond
Ionic Bonds
REMEMBER: An ion is a charged atom.
So… ionic bonds form between charged atoms.
Ionic bonds form between a metal and a non-metal.
Metals take on positive charges by losing valence electrons.
Non-metals take on negative charges by gaining electrons
Ionic Bonds Cont...
Ionic Bond Nomenclature (naming)
Always write the metal first and non-metal second
Ex: NaCl
Say the metal name first and the non-metal second
with an “-ide” and the end
Ex: Sodium Chloride, Magnesium Oxide
Number charges become subscripts on the other atom
Practice makes Perfect
Element #1
Element #2
Na
Cl
Mg
I
K
Br
Compound
Compound Name
NaCl
Sodium Chloride
Dot Diagram
Na+
Cl
-
Covalent Bonds
The prefix “Co-” means “together” (cooperate, coordinate)
So atoms in a covalent bond, work together!
Covalent bonds form between a non-metal and another
non-metal
The atoms share their electrons in order to have a full outer
shell.
Covalent Bonds Continued...
Covalent Bond Nomenclature (Naming)
1. Say the elements in group numerical order.
a. Exception: when the compound contains oxygen and a
halogen, the halogen is first.
b. If in same group: higher period comes first.
2. Include prefixes in front of each element name to represent
how many atoms there are.
3. Same as ionic bond naming with “-ide” at the end of the
Examples:
H20element
= dihydrogen
second
namemonoxide; CO2 = carbon dioxide
Covalent Bond Nomenclature Continued...
You need to
memorize these
prefixes! Make
flash cards!
Practice Makes Perfect!
Element #1
Element #2
Cl
Cl
H
O
C
O
Compound
Compound Name
Cl2
Chlorine
Dot Diagram
Cl Cl