Test Format
• 3 matching sections
– Anterior (19)
– Posterior (14)
– Movements (13)
• 30 Multiple Choice
• 4 Short Answer
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1
• This is the type of muscle shown by the figure
below.
Answer: circular
2
• What are 3 of the five golden rules of skeletal
muscle activity?
Answer:
1. With a few exceptions, all muscles cross at least one joint
2. Typically, the bulk of the muscle lies proximal to the joint
crossed
3. All muscles have at least two attachments: -the insertion
and the origin
4. Muscles can only pull, they never push
5. During contraction, the insertion moves toward the origin
3
• Name this
muscle.
Answer: extensor
carpi radialis
longus
4
• Movement of a bone around its longitudinal
axis and is a common movement of ball and
socket joints
Answer: rotation
5
• This is known as a single, brief, jerky
contraction.
Answer: muscle twitch
6
• This is the most superficial muscle of the hip
that forms most of the flesh of the buttocks
and is the most important muscle for
extending the hip when power is needed.
Answer: gluteus maximus
7
• This type of muscle is striated, involuntary and
are arranged in spiral or figure-8 shaped
bundles.
Answer: cardiac
8
• The fleshy, triangle shaped muscles that form
the rounded shape of your shoulders. Because
they are so bulky, they are favorite injection
site when relatively small amounts of
medication must be given intramuscularly.
They are also the prime movers of arm
abduction.
Answer: Deltoid
9
• Name this
muscle.
Answer: biceps
brachii
10
• This type of ATP regeneration breaks glucose
down into pyruvic acid and a small amount of
ATP (2 per glucose molecule)
Answer: anaerobic glycolysis
11
• This type of ATP regeneration uses a high
energy molecule called creatine phosphate to
recharge ADP molecules.
Answer: Direct phosphorylation
12
• This is a disease that caused by a shortage of
acetylocholine receptors at the
neuromuscular junction and results in
generalized muscle weakness and fatigability.
Answer: myasthenia gravis
13
• These help the prime mover by producing the
same movement or by reducing undesirable
movements
Answer: synergists
14
• Muscles that oppose or reverse a movement
are referred to by this name.
Answer: antagonists
15
• How does the muscular system develop in the
embryo during pregnancy?
Answer: The muscular system is laid down
in segments, which are invaded by nerves.
Certain larger muscles (like those of the
thoracic and lumbar regions) become very
extensive and the development of all
muscles and their control by the nervous
system occurs rather early in the pregnancy.
16
• This is the type of muscle shown by the figure
below.
Answer: parallel
17
• The thick myofilament contains this protein.
Answer: myosin
18
• This muscle is a fairly weak muscle that arises
on the humerus and enters the distal forearm,
where it mainly resides.
Answer: brachioradialis
19
• This is the most common type of muscular
dystrophy. It is mostly a male disease in which
the muscles lack a protein called dystrophin.
Answer: Duchenne’s
20
• This is also known as the kissing muscle.
Answer: orbicularis oris
21
• These muscles press the thighs together, and
have their origins on the pelvis and insert on
the proximal aspect of the femur.
Answer: adductor muscles
22
• This type of muscle is striated, voluntary and
multinucleated.
Answer: skeletal
23
• What are two functions of a muscular system?
Answer:
Produce movement
maintain posture
stabilize joints
generate heat
24
• Depressing the foot and pointing the toes
Answer: plantar flexion
25
• This is the term that is given to the gap
between a neuron and muscle.
Answer: synaptic cleft
26
• This type of ATP regeneration in the muscle is
the most effective (yielding 36 ATP per
glucose) but is slow.
Answer: aerobic respiration
27
• This is the type of muscle shown by the figure
below.
Answer: convergent
28
• This muscle is a two bellied muscle that forms
the curved half of the posterior leg and inserts
into the heel of the foot using the Achilles
tendon. It is usually referred to as the calf and
as the “toe dancer’s” muscle.
Answer: gastrocnemius
29
• This type of muscle is not striated, involuntary
and has a single nucleus.
Answer: smooth
30
• This is a disease that causes fat and
connective tissue to be deposited in the
muscle, which causes the muscles fibers to
degenerate.
Answer: muscular dystrophy
31
• What is this
pointing at?
Answer: the Z disc
32
• This chewing muscle covers the angle of the
lower jaw and is used to close the jaw by
elevating the mandible.
Answer: masseter
33
• Combines a combination of flexion, extension,
abduction, and adduction and results in the
limb outlining a cone
Answer: circumduction
34
• This is a large muscle that fans across the crest
from the shoulder to the breastbone.
Answer: pectoralis major
35
• This is also known as the smiling muscle
because it raises the corner of the mouth
upward.
Answer: zygomaticus
36
• The foot movement that allows the sole to
turn medially
Answer: inversion
37
• This is the toughest connective tissue sheath
that surrounds skeletal muscles that covers
the entire muscle and blends into either
tendons or aponeuroses.
Answer: epimysium
38
• Name this
muscle.
Answer:
adduction muscle
39
• This is the delicate connective tissue sheath
that covers each muscle fiber.
Answer: endomysium
40
• This is the dark banded area of a skeletal
muscle.
Answer: A band
41
• This organelle stores calcium and releases it
when the muscle needs to contract.
Answer: sarcoplasmic reticulum
42
• This is the light banded area of a skeletal
muscle.
Answer: I band
43
• This is the area where a neuron and a muscle
meet.
Answer: neuromuscular junction
44
• This type of contraction occurs when the
muscle is pitted against an unmovable object
and therefore cannot contract.
Answer: isometric
45
• The foot movement that allows the sole to
turn laterally
Answer: eversion
46
• This is the type of muscle shown by the figure
below.
Answer: multipennate
47
• Occurs when the forearm rotates laterally so
that the palm faces anteriorly and the radius
and ulna are parallel
Answer: supination
48
• This type of contraction occurs when the
myofilaments are successful in their sliding
movements and the muscle contracts.
Answer: isotonic
49
• Occurs when the forearm rotates medially so
that the palm faces posteriorly, which crosses
the radius and ulna
Answer: pronation
50
• Name an advantage and disadvantage of
steroid use.
Answer:
A - increase muscle mass and strength,
increased oxygen-carrying capacity of the
blood, and an increase in aggressive behavior
(can be turned into game motivation)
D - bloated faces, shriveled testes and
infertility, liver damage and cancer, changes
blood cholesterol levels, and serious
psychiatric problems
51
• What is this showing?
Answer: A sacromere
52
• The thin myofilament contains this protein.
Answer: actin
53
• A movement that increase the angle of the
joint and increases the distance between two
bones
Answer: extension
54
• Name this
muscle.
Answer: occipitalis
55
• How does the effect of aerobic exercise differ
from the effect of isometric exercise
Answer: aerobic exercise makes muscles
more flexible muscles with greater
resistance to fatigue so you can use them
for longer (stamina) while isometric
exercise results in bigger muscles (strength)
56
• Moving a limb away from the midline
Answer: abduction
57
• This muscle is the powerful prime mover for
flexion of the forearm and acts to supinate the
forearm. It is also the most familiar muscle of
the forearm because it bulges when the elbow
is flexed.
Answer: biceps brachii
58
• What is an advantage and disadvantage of
using steroids?
Answer:
Advantages - increase muscle mass and strength,
increased oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood, and an
increase in aggressive behavior (can be turned into game
motivation)
Disadvantages - bloated faces, shriveled testes and
infertility, liver damage and cancer, changes blood
cholesterol levels, and serious psychiatric problems
59
• This muscle group contains the
semimembranosus, biceps femoris, and
semitendinosus and is located on the
posterior thigh.
Answer: hamstring
60
• This facial muscle, which covers from your
forehead to your eyebrow, allows you to raise
and move your eyebrows and to wrinkle your
forehead.
Answer: frontalis
61
• What allows the myosin head to detach from
the actin and return to the ready position?
Answer: An ADP molecule is replaced by an
ATP molecule.
62
• The _______ muscles help to move and make
up the wall of the chest and are located
between the ribs.
Answer: intercostal
63
• The most superficial muscles of the posterior
neck and upper trunk. They form a diamond
or kite shaped muscle mass and they also can
elevate, depress, adduct, and stabilize the
scapula.
Answer: trapezius