BELLWORK
• Read “The Catholic Reformation” pgs. 198-201 
1. Why was the Catholic church threatened by Protestantism? How did they
respond to this challenge?
2. Explain the Council of Trent. List three changes they made.
3. What did the Catholic church change about the Inquisition?
4. What is baroque?
5. Who were the Jesuits? How did they spread Catholicism?
6. Explain the religious divisions in Europe.
7. THINKER: Most of Henry’s reign was centered around his obsession
with carrying on the Tudor dynasty. Why do you think so much pressure
was put on him having a son? Why did it matter if he had two daughters?
Explain!
Pope Paul III and the
Council of Trent
The Arts
• Baroque: new style of art &
architecture that stressed emotion,
complexity, and exaggeration for
dramatic effect
1.
2.
3.
4.
How did Henry VIII become king?
Who was Henry’s first wife? Why was this controversial?
Who was Anne Boleyn? Describe her relationship with Henry.
Explain England’s break with the Catholic church. Why? How?
Effects?
History overview – December 2015
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Today: Finish Tudors & Review Reformation
Wednesday 1/2 day: Intro to Exploration
Blocks 2: European exploration mini-project
Next week: Scientific Revolution & study guide independent work
Fall final study guide – 60 points, due on day of final
Fall final essay – Cause & Effect: 40 points; Friday December 11th!
Fall final exam – 75 questions; combo of multiple choice, source
analysis & geography (Final exam is cumulative & worth 10% of your
semester grade!) Tuesday December 15th
• All late/missing work is due Monday December 14th!!!
Renaissance Biographical
Project
Renaissance Biographical Project
• FYI…. There will NOT be a separate unit 3 test. The information from this unit will
make up 50% of the final and 100% of your final essay.
• The biographical project is worth 70 points and you will be graded on:
• Content (birth, death, importance, achievements)
• Visual (Pictures, font, organization, neatness)
• Presentation (show knowledge, speak loudly/clearly, preparation)
• Mechanics (did you proofread?)
• Work Cited (MLA format, typed, three sources)
• Teamwork (work in the library + peer evaluation)
• You will also complete a note worksheet for 20 points so pay attention! Be
respectful of all presentations.
The Tudor Dynasty
English Monarchs: 1485-1603
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HENRY VIII
Why is it so important for monarchs to keep a pure blood line?
Why would someone agree to an arranged marriage?
Henry VIII is the most controversial king in all of history.
He is solely responsible for England’s separation from the
Catholic Church.
• This break from the church was not brought on by the
corruption of the pope or society
• ………it was brought on by lust.
• King Henry VIII had six wives and this is their story and how
it relates to a new church in England.
HENRY VIII
• Henry VII was king and had two sons – Henry and Arthur.
• Since Arthur was the eldest, he was heir to the throne.
• Arthur married Catherine of Aragon (Spain), but died four
months after their wedding.
• Catherine said their marriage had never been consummated
and was granted an annulment from the Catholic church.
• She then married the new King of England – HENRY VIII.
(Arthur’s brother)
Catherine of Aragon
• Now, Catherine and Henry VIII were going to try for their own heir to
the throne – by having a son.
• Catherine had 2 stillborns, 1 miscarriage, and 2 sons that died less than a
year old.
• Finally, she had a child that lived!
• Only problem was……….it was a girl – Mary.
• The couple continued to try, but Catherine was 40 and beyond childbearing age.
• Henry became desperate and started an affair with Mary Boleyn, but she
too could not conceive a child.
Anne Boleyn
• After numerous mistresses, he fell in love with Anne Boleyn.
(Mary’s sister/Catherine’s maid)
• Henry VIII began to petition the pope for an annulment to
his marriage with Catherine.
• This argument went on for six years. It was against their
religion and Catherine wanted to secure her daughter Mary’s
spot as the heir.
• Things came to a head in 1533 when Anne became pregnant.
• To avoid any questions about the child’s legitimacy, Henry
had to act quick.
The Break from the Catholic Church
• His solution was to the reject the power of the Pope in
England and have Thomas Cranmer, the archbishop of
Canterbury, grant the annulment.
• HENRY VIII then created The Church of England – this
FOREVER changed religion.
• In his new church, he divorced Catherine, demoted her as
queen and kicked her out of England.
• He married Anne Boleyn in January 1533 and she became
the new Queen of England.
Anne Boleyn
• The couple became excited for their first child that would
hopefully become the heir, but………
• It was a girl – Elizabeth
• They kept trying, but Anne had two miscarriages.
• The pressure was on to have a son, especially since Henry
VIII had shown interest in Jane Seymour.
• The majority of England was unhappy with Anne’s influence
on leaving the church; so they began to plot against her.
Anne Boleyn
• In May 1536, Anne and her brother were
arrested on charges of incest, adultery and
plotting against the king.
• Even though the charges were false, the king
approved of their executions.
• Before the execution, Henry declared their
marriage was dissolved and “invalid”
• Anne was beheaded on May 19th.
Jane Seymour
• On the same day as Anne Boleyn’s execution, Jane Seymour
moved in with Henry.
• The two were married on May 30, 1536.
– 11 days after Anne’s execution
• Two years later, Jane became pregnant.
• Henry hoped for a boy since he considered Jane his “true wife.”
• In October 1538 a son was born!
• Edward was now the official heir to the throne.
• Jane died two weeks later.
Anne of Cleves
• Henry stayed single for over two years due to his true love for
Jane.
• The split from Rome left England isolated, so he needed the
possibility of a bride to secure an alliance.
• He made a deal with the Duke of Cleves (France) to marry his
sister, Anne.
• Immediately after their marriage, Henry wanted out.
• She was not literate and extremely unattractive.
• She knew there would be trouble if she didn’t agree with the king.
Therefore, she said her marriage had never been consummated and
they were divorced.
Kathryn Howard
• Sixteen days after his divorce with Anne, Henry took his fifth
wife, Kathryn Howard, on July 28, 1540.
• Henry was 49 and Kathryn was 19.
• Kathryn was Anne Boleyn’s cousin (Henry’s 2nd wife)
• Less than a year into Kathryn's marriage, the rumors of
infidelity began.
• There was enough evidence that the queen had been an
unfaithful wife.
• She was executed on February 13, 1542.
The last years….
• Katherine Parr became Henry’s 6th wife in July 1543.
• She was very close with her three stepchildren, Mary,
Elizabeth and Edward.
• Henry VIII died in January 1547.
• Edward VI, Henry’s only son (with Jane Seymour)
became the new king of England, at 10 years old.
• Unfortunately, Edward became ill and died five years
later.
Queen Mary I
• After Edward’s death, Henry VIII’s first daughter (with
Catherine of Aragon) ruled over England – Queen Mary I.
• During her ruling, Mary did something extremely
controversial…..
• She restored England to Roman Catholicism!!!
• Many people disapproved of this, but Mary burned any people
who spoke out.
• This is how she got the nickname “Bloody Mary.”
• Mary I died in 1558 with no heir to the throne.
• Who would rule next?
Queen Elizabeth I
• After Mary’s death, Henry’s last child (with Anne Boleyn) became the
new queen – Elizabeth I.
• For the past two years, Elizabeth had been imprisoned after Mary
accused her of heresy.
• The first thing she did as queen was restore the church back to
Protestantism.
• This becomes The Church of England, as it is today.
• Elizabeth I dies in 1603.
• After five rulers, six wives, and the dramatic change in religion…. All
of Henry’s decedents had passed and England was ruled by James I,
from a completely different family.
CLOSURE
• On a sheet of paper, summarize the life of
HENRY VIII.
• SUMMARIZE!!! Don’t include too many details.
• 8-10 sentences.
Review: Reformation
• To review over Reformation, you will
complete a cause/effect chart in your
notes.
• Think of this as an overview of the
unit!
• Causes  Why did Reformation
happen? Problems? Demands? New
ideas?
• Effects  What changed because of
Reformation? Protestantism?
Calvinism? Counter-Reformation?