T2 Final Exam Review Sheet (Tuesday, 2/9 in the PAC)
Part One: Identify
Directions: Identify the following people and terms. Be sure to explain their
historical importance. Write a minimum of three (3) sentences for each.
Divine Right, commonwealth, the Puritans, Charles I, Petition of Right, the Cavaliers, the
Roundheads, Oliver Cromwell, constitutional monarchy, habeas corpus, cabinet, prime
minister, Charles II, the Restoration, the Whigs, the Tories, Bill of Rights,
Estate, tithe, bourgeoisie, Louis XVI, Marie Antoinette, National Assembly, Tennis Court
Oath, the Declaration of the Rights of Man, conscription, coup d’etat, Jacobins, Reign of
Terror, Napoleon Bonaparte, “Liberty, Equality, Fraternity”
Dictatorship, plebiscite, nationalism, the Napoleonic Code, the Continental System, Duke
of Wellington, Alexander I, Waterloo, Buffer state, reactionary, liberalism, Prince
Klemens von Metternich, Quadruple Alliance
Part Two: Short Essay
Directions: Answer the following questions. Be able to support your answer with
appropriate facts and examples. Write a minimum of eight (8) sentences for each.
Chapter 8: Royal Power and Conflict
Section 1: Spain
 Why did Phillip II and his successors have difficulty ruling the Spanish
Empire? Where they successful? Explain.
Section 2: England
 How did the Tudor dynasty influence English and European affairs? Be sure
to discuss the impact of Henry VIII and Elizabeth I.
Section 3: France
 How did an absolute monarchy develop under the Bourbons? Under which
king did the monarchy reach its height? Explain.
Section 4: Germany
 What religious and dynastic issues divided Germany? Discuss the impact of
the Thirty Years War and the roles of Austria and Prussia in the conflict.
Section 5: Russia
 How did the Romanov rulers Peter the Great and Catherine the Great affect
the nobility and the common people of the Russian Empire?
Chapter 10 English and American Revolutions
Section 1: The Civil War
 What political and religious factors led to the English Civil War?
Section 2: A King Returns
 How did England establish a constitutional monarchy?
Section 3: The Road to Revolt
 What factors led to the eventual conflict between the British and their American
colonies?
Section 4: A War for Independence
 Describe the kind of government established after the American Revolution.
Chapter 11 The French Revolution
Section 1: The Old Order
 How was France’s class system a cause of the French Revolution?
Section 2: Constitutional Government
 What political reforms did the National Assembly adopt?
Section 3: Dawn of a New Era
 Why did French Revolutionaries use such violent and drastic measures? Discuss
the reign of terror.
Section 4: Napoleon’s Empire
 How did Napoleon build and then lose an empire?
Section 5: Peace in Europe
 How did the Congress of Vienna try to restore the old order in Europe?
Part Three: Essay
Directions: Answer the following question in a well-developed three-paragraph
essay. Be sure to include an introduction, a body paragraph, and a brief conclusion.
Pizzaro with less than two men conquered the great Inca empire. Explain how guns,
germs, and steel contributed to the success of the conquistadores. Which of the three was
most decisive? Explain.
You will bring an outline of your essay on a single note card.