BELLWORK 2/12
1. How did the global economic crisis in the 1890’s cause
Cubans to seek independence?
2. Who was Jose Marti?
3. How did minorities, like blacks and women, contribute to
Cuban independence?
4. Why did U.S. business leaders complain about the
situation in Cuba? What were these leaders fearful of?
5. What did the 1898 Teller Amendment rule?
6. Explain the three goals of US occupation of Cuba.
7. THINKER: How did Cubans feel about U.S. involvement?
IA Stuff
IA info
• Always refer to the mark scheme (pg. 147) when writing your
IA.
• Part B: Summary of Evidence
– Sources must be appropriate and fit the investigation topic
– Correctly and consistently referenced
– Organized chronologically
In-Text Citations
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The majority of part B will be listing evidence and quotes from your research. You
must properly cite these!
Any source information that you provide in-text must correspond to the source
information on your works cited page
MLA format follows the author-page method of in-text citation
The author's name may appear either in the sentence itself or in parentheses
following the quotation or paraphrase, but the page number(s) should always appear
in the parentheses, not in the text of your sentence.
For example:
– Woodsworth stated that Romantic poetry was marked by a "spontaneous
overflow of powerful feelings" (263).
– Romantic poetry is characterized by the "spontaneous overflow of powerful
feelings" (Woodsworth 263).
– Woodsworth extensively explored the role of emotion in the creative process
(263).
In-Text Citations
• When a source has no known author, use a shortened title of
the work instead of an author name.
• "The Impact of Global Warming in North America."
GLOBAL WARMING: Early Signs. 1999. Web. 23 Mar. 2009.
• Place the title in quotation marks if it's a short work (e.g.
articles) or italicize it if it's a longer work (i.e. plays, books,
television shows, entire websites) and provide a page number.
– We see so many global warming hotspots in North America likely because this
region has "more readily accessible climatic data and more comprehensive
programs to monitor and study environmental change . . ." ("Impact of Global
Warming" 6).
In-Text Citations
• For a source with three or fewer authors, list
the authors' last names in the text or in the
parenthetical citation:
– Smith, Yang, and Moore argue that tougher gun
control is not needed in the United States (76).
– The authors state "Tighter gun control in the United
States erodes Second Amendment rights" (Smith,
Yang, and Moore 76).
In-Text Citations
• For in-text citations from a website, follow these guidelines:
– Include in the text the first item that appears in the Work Cited entry
that corresponds to the citation (e.g. author name, article name,
website name, film name).
– You do not need to give paragraph numbers or page numbers based
on your Web browser’s print preview function.
– Do not include URLs in-text. Only provide partial URLs such as when
the name of the site includes, for example, a domain name, like
CNN.com or Forbes.com as opposed to writing out
http://www.cnn.com or http://www.forbes.com.
• One online film critic stated that Fitzcarraldo is "...a beautiful
and terrifying critique of obsession and colonialism" (Garcia,
“Herzog: a Life”).
Part B: Summary of Evidence
• To what extent were American business interests in the
Cuban sugar industry the cause of U.S. involvement in the
Spanish-American War?
• American businesses in Cuba
• American control of sugar plantations
• Jose Marti & his view of U.S.
• Cubans dissatisfaction with American business policies
• U.S.S Maine
• Americans fearful of losing rights to plantations
• U.S. declares war
Part C: Evaluation of Sources
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Just like the example in class…….
Select any two of your sources
Analyze each source for OPVL
Be careful with the sources you select!
Parts B & C
• When you turn these in on Tuesday, you
must have it typed and a hard copy printed
• Topic question at the top
• Signify a difference between the two
sections; part B & C
• Refer to the example for formatting ideas
• Office Hours on Sunday 3-5
BELLWORK 2/13
1. List five reasons why the U.S. took an interest in Cuban
affairs (pg 125)
2. How did Yellow Journalism contribute to the SpanishAmerican War?
3. Describe the characteristics of Yellow Journalism.
4. How did America’s stance on Cuba change after McKinley
was elected?
5. THINKER: Do newspapers still use Yellow Journalism
today? Should it be illegal, or is it protected under the First
Amendment? (freedom of the press)
Spanish-American War
Emergence of the U.S. in global
affairs
America Becoming a World Power
• 1867 – U.S. seized the
Midway Islands in the
Pacific (strategic for trade
with China & Japan)
• 1867 – U.S. buys Alaska
from Russia
• Within a year after
purchase, gold, copper,
and oil are discovered in
Alaska.
Causes of the Spanish-American War
• Cuba had struggled for 30 years over independence from
Spain.
• Some argued Cuba was part of the U.S. - geographically close
& great economic potential (sugar)
• 1895 – Cuban rebels (led by Jose Marti) launched a fight for
independence. Spanish retaliated by placing them in
concentration camps.
• 1896 – McKinley elected President; openly supports Cuban
independence.
Jose Marti
• Dedicated his life to the promotion of
liberty, political independence for Cuba
and intellectual independence for all
Spanish Americans
• He also wrote about the threat of U.S.
expansionism into Cuba
• In his short life he was a poet, essayist,
journalist, revolutionary philosopher,
translator, professor, publisher, and
political theorist.
• The concepts of freedom, liberty, and
democracy are prominent themes in all
of his works
• Became a symbol for Cuba’s
independence from Spain, his death
became a cry for independence!
The U.S.S. Maine
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U.S. Naval warship stationed in Havana harbor.
On February 15, 1898 an explosion sunk the ship, killing 250
Americans
Yellow journalism blamed Spain, & American people agreed
Yellow Journalism: exaggerated or completely false news
stories (sold more papers!)
Scientists believe the explosion was actually caused by a coal
fire, leading to the explosion of magazines/ammunition. Other
reports link the explosion to an underwater mine.
1. scare headlines in huge print, often of minor news
2. lavish use of pictures, or imaginary drawings
3. use of faked interviews, misleading headlines,
pseudo-science, and false facts from so-called
experts
4. emphasis on full-color Sunday supplements,
usually with comic strips (which is now normal in
the U.S.)
5. dramatic sympathy with the "underdog" against the
system.
Origins of Yellow Journalism
U.S.S. Maine = WAR!
• February explosion of warship U.S.S. Maine;
Americans blame Spain
• April 11, 1898 – Congress declares Cuba’s
independence
• April 24, 1898 – Spain declares war
• U.S. also begins to focus on the Spanish territory of
the Philippines.
• Why was it necessary for the U.S. to get control of the
Philippines?
Fighting the Spanish-American War
• Cubans and Filipinos were promised independence if
they fought alongside American troops.
• Rough Riders: 1st US Volunteer Regiment; 1,250
volunteers used to fight in the Spanish-American War.
• Led by Theodore Roosevelt
• War was primarily fought in the Caribbean and the
Pacific
– Beneficial for the US and our powerful Navy
• After 10 weeks, the Spanish surrendered
End of the Spanish American War
• After the U.S. won, Spain signed an armistice (ceasefire).
• In October 1898, both countries signed the Paris Peace
Treaty
– Spain granted Independence to Cuba, Guam, Puerto
Rico and the Philippines to the U.S. for $20 million.
• Caused the collapse of the Spanish Empire
• Cuba and Philippines eventually were given complete
independence but Puerto Rico and Guam remain U.S.
territories.
The Outcome
• U.S. is now a major player in world affairs
• U.S. can create military bases around the world
• Imperialists happy- U.S. can gain access to
FOREIGN MARKETS- places to sell American
goods and make money.
• Anti- Imperialists upset- felt that imperialism
rejected the American ideal of “liberty for all”
President William McKinley
• McKinley’s
presidency divided
the nation on
multiple levels
• Wealthy industrialist
• Business interests
• Imperialistic “warhawk”
• Expansionism is our
“destiny!”
McKinley’s Assassination
• On September 6, 1901, McKinley was shot at the World Fair in
Buffalo, NY by Leon Czolgosz.
• Czolgosz was a proclaimed anarchist who thought the
government was too corrupt and did not help the lower classes.
• After McKinley died, Roosevelt became the new American
President.
• He was the youngest president ever, and had completely
opposite ideals from McKinley.
• He brought happiness to the “common folk” who were fighting
for change.
• Czolgosz was executed October 29, 1901
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"I killed the President because he was the enemy of the good
people – the good working people. I am not sorry for my crime.”
~ Leon Czolgosz
CLOSURE
• In your notes, create a cause and effect chart.
• This will be review for the causes and effects of
the Spanish American War.
• Try and come up with four causes and four
effects.
• Effects can be long term
• We will discuss once you are finished