SCIENCE MIDTERM REVIEW
Mrs. DeVone
SCIENTIFIC METHOD
1. Recognize the problem
a.
How? Observe & Infer
b.
What is observation? Information you can get using your senses
c.
What is Inferring? A conclusion based on your observations
(example: a tall tree ~ must be old)
2. Form a hypothesis
a.
What is a hypothesis? A prediction you make about the outcome of an
experiment based on your problem. Created in the “if, then” format
(If I count the rings inside the tree, then I will know how old the tree is.)
SCIENTIFIC METHOD
3. Test your hypothesis
a.
How? Plan and implement an experiment (Step by step instructions)
4. Analyze your data
a.
How? Data will be presented in an orderly fashion usually in some type of
chart (the tree had 25 rings)
5. Draw conclusions
a.
How? Look at the data and make some conclusions (The tree is 25 years old)
6. Communicate your findings
a. How ? Let others know what you found out with your experiment through a
report or chart or poster.
VOCABULARY
• Hypothesis – a testable prediction about a
possible solution to a problem.
• Inference – conclusion drawn from an observation
• Experiment – a series of carefully planned steps to
test a hypothesis
VOCABULARY
• Independent variable – the one factor in an experiment that changes
– Example: 3 different types of soil to see which helps a plant grow best
• Dependent variable – factor that will be measured in an experiment
– Example: How tall the plants grew.
• Constant – factors in an experiment that stay the same.
– Example: same type of plant, same pot, same amount of water
• Control – is a standard used for comparison
– Example: one plant in potting soil to compare the other plants to
EXPERIMENT
• Read experiment – What is the experiment about? (Hypothesis)
– Independent variable – what did they do different to each group?
– Dependent variable – How were they measuring the experiment?
– Constants – what was the same for both groups?
– Control group – Which group did not have testing done to it?
– Conclusion - did the amount of sleep affect the score?
LAB SAFETY
• Name safety rules
METRIC SYSTEM
Measurements
Tool/ Equipment
Unit
Length
ruler, measuring tape
meter
Mass
Triple Beam Balance
Grams
Volume (solid)
Ruler, measuring tape (l x
w x h)
Meter
Volume (Liquid)
Liter
Graduated Cylinder
Temperature
Thermometer
Degrees Celsius
PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
• Physical Property: is a characteristic that you can observe
without changing or trying to change the substance.
– Example: how something looks, smells, sounds, tastes, state of
matter, size, weight, density, melting/boiling point, magnetic
property
• Chemical Property: characteristic that cannot be observed
without altering the sample.
– Example: Changes the composition of the item. Ability to burn is a
chemical property
PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL CHANGE
• Physical Change: change in which the form or appearance of matter
changes, but not it’s composition
– Signs of Physical changes – change in shape, dissolving, changes in state
– Example: folding a piece of paper into an airplane
• Chemical Change: change in which the composition of a substance
changes
– Signs of chemical changes – color change, energy/light release, change of
odor, produce bubbles/fizz or solid formed, not easily reversed
– Examples: leaves changing color, fireworks exploding, spoiled food, antacid in
water, wood burning, banana turning brown
STATES OF MATTER
• Solid
• Liquid
• Gas
• Plasma