Fact or Fiction
 The average human body contains 10 liters of blood
 False, it contains 5 liters of blood (equal to 1.3 gallons)
 The amount of exercise someone gets accounts for varying
levels of RBC’s in individuals
 True, the body needs more oxygen as it works
 Men have more RBC’s per microliter of blood than females
 True, in general men have a bigger body mass when compared
to women
 Blood is purple until it is exposed to oxygen and then it
turns red
 False, blood is always red regardless of oxygen exposure
Oxygenated blood
vs
Deoxygenated blood
The blood on the left is oxygenated, the right is
deoxygenated blood (from a vein)
Functions of Blood
Transportation
1.

E.x.
2. Regulation
 E.x.
3. Protection
 E.x.
Components of Blood
1.
Cells
 Red blood cells
 White blood cells
 Platelets
2. Blood Plasma
 Plasma (mostly water)
Which type of tissue is
blood classified as?
Components of Blood
Hematocrit
 The volume of blood
cells in a sample
 What should it be?
 Plasma (45%)
 Cells (55%)


RBC’s 99%
WCB’s and platelets 1%
Formation of Blood Cells
(AKA hemopoiesis)
 Where does it occur?
 Red bone marrow
 Trabeculae (spongy
bone)
 Did RBC formation
begin here?
 No
Pluripotent Stem cells
Red Blood Cells
(AKA Erythrocyte)
 Biconcave shape
 More surface area
 Carry oxygen
 O2 binds to hemoglobin
 Can vary in number
between individuals
 Why?
Hemoglobin
 Gives whole blood it’s
red color
 O2 binding site
 Binds with O2= Bright
red
 Releases O2= Dark red
Hypoxia
 Prolonged oxygen
deficiency
 What does this result in?
Red Blood Cell Life Cycle
 Average lifespan
 120 days
 Rupture (die) when
passing through
capillaries
 Destroyed by
macrophages
Red Blood Cell Life Cycle
Hemoglobin breaks down
 Iron (heme)
 Amino acids (globin)
 Non-heme part of iron
broken down
 Biliverdin
 Which is further broken
down
Why is your poo brown?
 Eventually biliverdin is
converted into
Urobilin (yellow)

Urine
2. Stercobilin
(pigment)

Feces (poo)
1.
Why are certain vitamins so
important?
 They are need to
synthesize hemoglobin
 B12
 Folic acid
 Help absorb iron
 Vitamin C
 Anemia
 Too few RBC’s or
hemoglobin
Erythropoiesis
 Formation of RBC’s
 Usually occurs as RBC’s
are destroyed
 Disruption in balance
causes hypoxia
 Causes more RBC’s to be
made
 More EPO is released
Erythropoietin
(EPO)
 Hormone made by kidneys
 It Stimulates RBC
production
 More RBC’s = more O2
sent to tissues
 Blood Doping
 https://www.youtube.com
/watch?v=G7KZxIR1t-o
Blood Concept Map Terms
 Protect/transport/regula





te
RBC’s
Hemoglobin
Erythropoiesis
Oxygen
Homeostasis
 Leukocytes
 Bone Marrow
 Nucleus
 Spleen
 Biconcave disk
 Water
 Plasma
White Blood Cells
AKA Leukocytes
 Function to protect the body
Five different types
A. Granulocytes (Granules in
cytoplasm)
 Neutrophils
 Eosinophils
 Basophils
B. Agranulocytes (no
granules)
 Monocytes
 Lymphocytes
Neutrophil
 First to respond to
infection
 Active phagocytes
 Destroy invaders by
releasing enzymes
 Present in pus of wounds
 60% of WBC
Monocyte
 Migrate into infected
tissues
 Become macrophages
 Destroy invaders and
clean up cellular debris
Eosinophils
 Have enzymes that
combat against allergic
reactions
 Mainly attack parasites
 Ex. Worms
 What does a high count
mean?
 Allergic reaction
Or
 Parasitic infection
Basophils
 Involved in
inflammatory
 Liberate histamine and
heparin
Lymphocytes
B cells
 Develop into plasma cells
 Produce antibodies
 Destroy bacteria and their
toxins
Lymphocytes
T Cells
 Attack
 Viruses
 Fungi
 Transplanted cells
 Cancer cells
 Some bacteria
Lymphocytes
Natural Killer cells (NK)
 Attack
 Variety of microbes
 Tumor cells
Blood Concept Map Terms
 Albumins
 Inflammatory Reaction
 Antibodies
 Monocyte
 Eosinophils
 Platelets
 Defend against disease
 Phagocyte
 Globulins
 Hemostasis
WBC Life Span
 Only phagocytize a
certain amounts
 Live for days or hours
 Die off faster during
infection
 Why?
Platelets
AKA Thrombocytes
 Help blood clot by
sticking to the lining of
blood vessels
Hemostasis
 Sequence of events that
occur to stop bleeding
 Involves
 Coagulation
 (thickening of blood)
 Clotting of blood
Three Events in Hemostasis
Blood vessel Spasm
2. Plate plug forms
3. Blood coagulation
1.
Blood Clot Story Board
Brainpop
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
What are the two components to your blood type?
What is hemolysis?
What is the Rh factor?
What is the most common blood type in Americans?
What is the least common blood type in Americans?
ABO Blood Groups
 What are the four blood
types?
 A
 B
 AB
 O
Whole Blood
 Antegens
 Type of antigen on RBC
will determine blood type
 E.x
 Antibodes
 Non-matching antibody
found in plasma
 E.x.
Rh Factor
 Makes blood type
either + or –
 Rh+
 Rh antigen present
 Rh No Rh antigen
Blood Typing
Antibodies
 Type of WBC
 Defends the body
 Found in plasma
 React with antigens
Agglutination
 Occurs when matching
antibodies and
antigens bind
 What happens if that
occurs in a RBC?
ABO Blood Types Chart
Blood Type
A
B
AB
O
Antigen on
RBC
Antibody in
Plasma
Compatibility of blood types
 Can a person with A positive blood donate to a person
with A negative blood? Why or why not?
 Why can’t a person with B blood donate blood to a
person with type A blood?
When does the Rh factor effect
blood compatibility?
 When a ________ type
mixes with a _________
 Most common in
_________
 Why is this dangerous?
Organ and Tissue Rejection