ANATOMY OF RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM
BMS 231:
2015/2016
DR SOBIA IKRAM
DR AQEELA BANO
Objectives
At the end of the lecture you should be able to
1. Describe the anatomical organization of the respiratory
system.
2. Describe the basic anatomy of all the organs present in
respiratory system.
The Respiratory System
• Basic functions of the respiratory system
– Supplies body with oxygen
– Removal of carbon dioxide
Respiratory System
• Respiratory organs
– Nose, nasal cavity, and paranasal sinuses
– Pharynx, larynx, and trachea
– Bronchi and smaller branches
– Lungs and alveoli
Organs of the Respiratory
System
Figure 21.1
The Nose
• Provides an airway for respiration
• Moistens and warms air
• Filters inhaled air
• Resonating chamber for speech
• Olfaction (smell)
Anatomy of nose
• Anatomically nose is
divided into
• External nose and internal
nose
1. External nose
External nose is shaped like a
pyramid with a tip directed
upward and base directed
downwards.
- upper 1/3 is made up of
bone
- lower 2/3 is made up of
cartilage
Internal nose
2. Internal nose
Is also called nasal cavity or
vestibule.
Divided by nasal septum into
right ant left halves.
External openings are called
nostrils or external nares
Posteriorly it is continuous
with nasopharynx.
Para-nasal Air Sinuses
Definition:
- They are air-filled spaces in certain
bones of skull.
- They open into the lateral wall of the
nose.
Para-nasal Air Sinuses
Types:
1. Maxillary sinus
2. Frontal sinus
3. Sphenoid sinus
4. Ethmoid sinus
Para-nasal Air Sinuses
The Pharynx
Pharynx is the cavity behind the nose and mouth and connect
them to the esophagus.
Anatomically it is the part of the conducting zone of the
respiratory system
• Divided into three sections by location
– Nasopharynx
– Oropharynx
– Laryngopharynx
Seen from lateral
• Nasopharynx
• Oropharynx
• Laryngopharynx
The Larynx
• larynx is an organ ,present
between the trachea and
the root of the tongue.
• It is also called voice box as
it contains vocal cord that
are responsible for voice
production
• It is made up of various
cartilages membranes and
ligaments.
The Larynx
Functions
– Voice production
– Provides an open airway
– Routes air and food into the proper channels
• Superior opening , which is guarded by epiglottis , is
– Closed during swallowing
– Open during breathing
The Larynx
Cartilages of the larynx
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Epiglottis
Thyroid cartilage
Cricoid cartilage
Arytenoid cartilage (2)
Corniculate cartilage (2)
Cuniform cartilage (2)
The Larynx
Anterior view of the larynx
The Larynx
Posterior view of the larynx
THE TRACHEA
• Tube shaped structure that extend from lower
border of layrnx
• It end by dividing into right and left main
bronchi.
• It provides the passage for air.
TRACHEA AND BRONCHI
• Anatomy of trachea and bronchi
THE TRACHEA
Anatomically trachea is
made up of c shaped
tracheal cartilages.
On the back these
cartilages are
completed by the
muscle called trachealis
muscle
The Pleura
Definition
• A double-layered serous membrane surrounding
each lung is called Pleura
– Parietal pleura
– Visceral pleura
• Pleural cavity
– Space between the visceral and parietal pleura is
called Pleural cavity.
The Pleura
Anatomy of the Lungs
• Each lung has
– Apex, a pointed
upper end
– Base, lower or
diaphragmatic
surface
– Hilum, depression
on the medial
surface of each
lung.
APEX
BASE
HILUM
Anatomy of the Lungs
LEFT LUNG
Left lung have
following anatomical
terms.
• Superior and inferior
lobes separated by
oblique fissure .
• Space for the heart
called cardiac notch.
CARDIAC NOTCH
SUPERIOR LOBE
OBLIQUE
FISSURE
INFERIOR LOBE
Anatomy of the Lungs
RIGHT LUNG
Right lung has
following anatomical
terms
• Superior, middle and
inferior lobes.
• Transverse and oblique
fissures
Superior lobe
Middle lobe
Inferior lobe
Transverse fissure
Oblique fissure
LOBES OF LUNGS
ANY QUESTIONS????????????????????????????