Lampiran 1a
Web Usability
for Diverse Audience and Culture
Avinanta Tarigan
Workshop On :
Pemberdayaan Web Untuk Meningkatkan Kerjasama
Internasional Menuju World Class University
Dec, 11th- 12th 2009
GUNADARMA UNIVERSITY
Background
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Web = Branding
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Web = Marketing
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Web = Academic Services
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Web = Distribution of Information
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Web = Academic Atmosphere in Space of Cyber
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Internationalization .vs. Localization
Hal Penting
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Konten
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Informasi yang relevan dan organisasinya
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Frekwensi update dan alert
Usability
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Kemudahaan navigasi
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Kemudahan dalam menemukan informasi yang
dicari
Penampilan
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Familiaritas
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Kontras vs Uniform, Highlight & Navigasi
Organisasi Informasi
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Arsitektur organisasi informasi vs Struktur
Organisasi
Contoh Organisasi Informasi:
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Prospective Students, Staffs & Students, Parents,
Other
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Akademik dan Perkuliahan, Fakultas dan
Program Studi, Penelitian dan Kerjasama,
Pengabdian Masyarakat
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Latest News, Media Coverage, Campuss &
Infrastructure, Achievements
Pengkinian Informasi
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Frekwensi Update menentukan posisi pada Layout
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Visi Misi .vs. Publikasi .v.s.
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University News .vs. Staff Blog
Perlunya Information pool center
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One stop service untuk mengetahui hal-hal yang
terkini dari seluruh domain
(News,Blog,Pengumuman, dll)
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Moderasi .vs. Tidak Dimoderasi
Web Usability
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Kualitas “user experience” ketika berinteraksi dengan WebSite
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Web Usability yang baik antara lain :
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Mudah untuk dipelajari
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Efisien dalam mencari atau menemukan informasi
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Navigasi dan Struktur Informasi Mudah diingat
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Sedikit kesalahan
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Kepuasan subyektif yang tinggi
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Look and Feel
Localization (tidak saya terjemahkan sbg
Lokalisasi)
Usability Guidelines
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Simple and natural dialogue
Speak the users’ language
Minimize the users’ memory load
Consistency
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Visual look
Command semantics
Conceptual model
Usability Guidelines (cont)
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Feedback
Clearly marked exits
Shortcuts
Good error messages
Prevent errors
Help and documentation
Things To Avoid
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Slow downloads
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Can’t find what I want or what I find is outdated
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Poor graphic design and layout
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Hard to navigate
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Gratuitous use of “bells and whistles”
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Inappropriate tone
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Designer-centeredness
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Lack of attention to detail
Design Web & Kultur / Budaya
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Web didisain agar dapat dibaca dan dirasakan lebih familiar oleh
orang dari bangsa / kultur tertentu
Culture Dimension (Hofstede)
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Power Distance: degree of equality, or inequality, between
people in the country's society
Collectivism-Individualism: degree the society reinforces
individual or collective, achievement and interpersonal
relationships
Masculinity-femininity: The traditional masculine work role
model of male achievement, control, and power.
Uncertainty Avoidance: level of tolerance for uncertainty and
ambiguity within the society - i.e. unstructured situations.
Indonesia Menurut Hofstede
Culture vs. UI : Power Distance, 1/2
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Metaphors
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Mental Models
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High: Institutions, buildings with clear hierarchy:
schools, government, monuments, etc.
Low: Institutions, buildings with equality, options:
Summerhill, play/games, public spaces, etc.
High: Reference data with no relevancy ranking
Low: Less structured data with relevancy
Navigation
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High: Restricted access, choices; authentication;
passwords
Low: Open access, multiple options, sharable paths
Culture vs. UI: Power Distance, 2/2
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Interaction
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High: Severe error messages: “Entry Forbidden,” “You
are wrong;” wizards or guides lead usage
Low: Supportive error messages, cue cards
Appearance
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High: Images of leaders, nations; official music,
anthems; formal speech
Low: Images of people, daily activities; popular music;
informal speech
Culture vs. UI: Individualism vs.
Collectivism, 1/2
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Metaphors
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Mental Models
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Individualist: Action-oriented, tools
Collectivist: Relationship-oriented
Individualist: Product- or task-oriented
Collectivist: Role-oriented
Navigation
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Individualist: Individual paths; popular choices,
celebrity choices; stable across roles; customizable
Collectivist: Group-oriented, official choices; changes
per role
Culture vs. UI: Individualism vs.
Collectivism, 2/2
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Interaction
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Individualist: Keyword searches; active-oriented;
multiple devices; customizable;
Collectivist: Limited, official devices; role driven
Appearance
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Individualist: Images of products, people; low context;
hyperbolic, dynamic speech; market-driven topics,
imagery, language; customizable; direct, active verbs
Collectivist: Images of groups, organizations; images of
roles; high context; official, static terminology;
institution-driven topics, imagery, language; passive
verbs
Power Distance vs.
Individualism-Collectivism
Individual
• USA
• Italy
• France
• Germany
• Finland • South Africa
Individualism Index
• Israel
• Japan
• Brazil
•Mexico
• Korea
•Singapore
• Costa Rica
Low
Power Distance Index
High
Collective
Universiti Utara Malaysia
Technische Universiteit Eindhoven
Culture vs. UI: Uncertainty Avoidance,
1/2
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Metaphors
 High: Familiar, clear references to daily life;
representation
 Low: Novel, unusual references; abstraction
Mental Models
 High: Simple, clear articulation; limited choices; binary
logic
 Low: Tolerance for ambiguousness, complexity; fuzzy
logic
Navigation
 High: Limited options; simple, limited controls
 Low: Multiple options; varying, complex controls
Culture vs. UI: Uncertainty Avoidance,
2/2
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Interaction
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High:Precise, complete, detailed input and feedback of
status
Low: General, limited, or ambiguous input and feedback
of status
Appearance
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High: Simple, clear, consistent imagery, terminology,
sounds; highly redundant coding
Low: Varied, ambiguous, less consistent imagery,
terminology, sounds
Sabena: Limited Choices
British Airways: Many Choices
Culture vs. UI: Masculinity vs.
Femininity, 1/2
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Metaphors
 Masculine: Sports-oriented; competition-oriented; workoriented
 Feminine:Shopping carts; family-oriented
Mental Models
 Masculine: Work/business structures; high-level, “executive
views;” goal-oriented
 Feminine: Social structures; detailed views; relationshiporiented
Navigation
 Masculine: Limited choices, synchronic
 Feminine: Multiple choices; multi-tasking, polychronic
Culture vs. UI: Masculinity vs.
Femininity, 2/2
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Interaction
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Masculine: Game-oriented; mastery-oriented;
individual-oriented
Feminine: Practical, function-oriented; co-operationoriented; team oriented
Appearance
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Masculine: “Masculine” colors, shapes, sounds
Feminine: “Feminine” colors, shapes, sounds;
acceptance of cuteness
Power Distance vs. Masculinity
• Japan
Masculine
•Austria
• Italy
• South Africa
•USA
•Singapore
•South Korea
Masculinity
Index
• Finland
Feminine
•Norway
•Sweden
Low
Power Distance Index
High
Excite: For Japanese Men:
Cars/Stock Information
Japanese Excite for Women:
Pale Colors and Recipe
Swedish Excite Interface:
No Special Website for Women
Penutup
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Organisasi Informasi yang baik dan Usability yang
tinggi menuntun user untuk :
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Cepat dan tepat mencari informasi
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Apa yang kita inginkan agar user mengetahui →
tercapai
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Puas, ingat, dan ingin kembali
Bahasa dan Kultur mempengaruhi bagaimana
sebaiknya desain web dibuat
Web yang universal seharusnya dapat
mengakomodir semua pengaruh kultur dan budaya,
tidak hanya bahasa