MODERN TAXONOMY
I.
SYSTEMATICS
A.
ORGANIZES DIVERSITY OF LIVING THINGS IN AN EVOLUTIONARY CONTEXT
B.
PHYLOGENETIC TREE IS USED TO SHOW RELATIONSHIPS
1.
REPRESENTS A HYPOTHESIS
2.
IS BASED ON MORPHOLOGY, EMBRYOLOGY, FOSSIL DATA, BIOCHEMISTRY, ETC.
C.
D.
E.
F.
II.
III.
FOSSIL RECORD DATA IS NOT ALWAYS VERY COMPLETE
MORPHOLOGY
1.
HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES WITH THE SAME EMBRYONIC ORIGIN
a.
EX: BIRD WING AND HUMAN ARM
EMBRYOLOGICAL PATTERNS OF DEVELOPMENT
1.
PROTOSTOMES: BLASTOPORE OF EMBRYO DEVELOPS INTO MOUTH
2.
DEUTEROSTOMES: BLASTOPORE BECOMES ANUS
CHROMOSOMES & MACROMOLECULES
1.
NUMBER OF CHROMOSOMES DEFINES SPECIES
a.
HUMANS HAVE 46, CHIMPS 48
CLADISTICS
A.
B.
RELATIVELY NEW SYSTEM
DERIVED CHARACTERISTICS: EVOLVED WITHIN A GROUP, NOT INHERITED
1.
A CLADOGRAM SHOWS THE ORDER THE CHARACTERISTICS ARE BELIEVED
TO HAVE EVOLVED
2.
ORGANISMS NEAR EACH OTHER ARE MORE CLOSELY RELATED
THE SIX-KINGDOM SYSTEM
A.
ARCHAEBACTERIA—UNICELLULAR PROKARYOTES
1.
MOST ANCIENT BACTERIA
B.
EUBACTERIA—UNICELLULAR PROKARYOTES
1.
CAUSE DISEASE, CAVITIES, USED TO MAKE FOODS
**A & B WERE FORMERLY ONE KINGDOM CALLED MONERA, SHOULD YOU HAPPEN TO RUN ACROSS
THE WORD
C.
D.
E.
F.
IV.
PROTISTA—EUKARYOTES, MOSTLY UNICELLULAR
1.
NEITHER PLANT, ANIMAL OR FUNGUS
FUNGI—HETEROTROPHIC SAPROPHYTES (ABSORB FOOD)
PLANTAE—MULTICELLULAR AUTOTROPHS
1.
SOME ARE PARASITIC
ANIMALIA—MULTICELLULAR HETEROTROPHS
3-DOMAIN SYSTEM
A.
RIBOSOMAL RNA (rRna) IS USED TO ESTIMATE HOW LONG AGO A COMMON ANCESTOR
EXISTED
1.
DOMAIN ARCHAEA
2.
DOMAIN BACTERIA
3.
DOMAIN EUKARYA