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Bicycle
By Ragad and Hiba
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The History of Bicycle:
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In 1816 the German Baron Karl von Drais devised a steerable hobby
horse, and within a few years, hobby-horse riding was a fashionable
pastime in Europe. Riders also discovered that they could ride the
device with their feet off the ground without losing their balance. And
so, in 1840, a Scottish black-smith named Kirkpatrick Macmillan made
a two-wheel device that was operated by a treadle. A couple decades
later, a Frenchman, Ernest Michaux, designed a hobby horse that
utilized cranks and rotating pedals connected to the front axle.
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Old and new bicycle:
1. It should be fast, have all the size for all the ages, easy to
transforming, and something doesn’t rust light.
2. The bicycle change because they want the rider more comfortable.
3. The heavy materials make the movement hard, but now the light
materials make the movement more easier then the old bicycle.
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What Materials used in Bicycle??
The old bicycle made of:
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Steel.
Aluminum
The new bicycle made of:
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Steel
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Aluminum
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Titanium
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Carbon fiber
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Steel:
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The chemical formula of the steel is
Fe3C.
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Steel is covalent because it transferred
between non-metals to non-metals.
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The properties of steel vary widely,
depending on its alloying elements.
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The production of steel benefits the
World in great ways. First, the standard
of living goes higher as there exist new
jobs in banking, iron ore and
manganese mining, office jobs,
transport jobs.
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The steel recycle. If we only recycle
one-tenth of the cans we now throw
away, we'd save about 3.2 billion of
them every year.
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When and where the steel
discovered:
 steel
was discovered in 1913 by Sheffield
metallurgist Harry Brearley.
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Advantage and Disadvantages:
Advantage:
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Steel has the highest strength
to weight ratio of any building
material.
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No twisting or warping.
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Fire parapets can be
eliminated.
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Slower aging process with less
maintenance.
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Easily disassembled for
repairs
Disadvantages:
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Heavy and thus expensive to
transport.

Steel is an excellent thermal
conductor requiring additional
exterior insulation or thermal
breaks to overcome this
disadvantage

Steel components can rust if left
exposed in marine climates.

Finding steel roof trusses is
difficult in most areas
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Aluminum:
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The chemical formula of aluminum is
A13, aluminum is non-metals.

Aluminum is a metallic element, and its
structure is very similar to most other
metal.

Aluminum is made up of crystals

It is not soluble in water under.

Aluminum is the most abundant metal
in the Earth's crust.
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Recycling aluminum cans is easy.
When they are empty, rinse them out so
they are clean and either return them to
the store for deposit or recycle
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When and where the Aluminum
discovered:
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In England in the early 1800s, Humphry Davy was the first one
who discovered the steel.
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Advantage and Disadvantages:
Advantage:
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Won't swell, chip or rust.
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Does not deteriorate.
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Reduced weight.
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increased strength &
durability.
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Covers can be retrofitted for
existing structures.
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Low Surface Hardness
Disadvantage:
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Aluminum is more expensive
than steel

Aluminum can corrode quickly
if suitable precautions against
electrolysis are not taken.
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Aluminum can be waterstained easily.
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Titanium:
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Titanium is chemical element
with the symbol Ti and atomic
number 22. Titanium is metal.
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Transition metal with a silver
color.
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White metal when pure.
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Titanium is as strong as some
steels.
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Titanium is transition metal.
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The metal has a low density.
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When and where the Titanium
discovered:
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Titanium was discovered in 1791 by William Gregor in
Cornwall, during his study of magnetic sand .
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Advantage and Disadvantages:
Advantage:
Disadvantages:
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It is corrosive resistant.
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Expensive metal.
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It can withstand high
temperatures.
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Light but Strong.
Processes for forming and
joining titanium are complex
and expensive.
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Expensive to cast.
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has excellent corrosion
resistance.
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Carbon fiber:
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There is no single formula for
a carbon fiber. Carbon fiber is
non-metal.
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Carbon fiber is crystalline
material.
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White metal when pure.
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High chemical resistivity.
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Rigid materials that are
resistant to stretching and
compression.
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a black, lustrous solid
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When and where the Carbon fiber
discovered:
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Carbon fibers were discovered in the late 1800s when
Thomas Edison was testing materials to use as a
filament in the first incandescent bulb.
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Advantage :
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Advantage:
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It can be formed to most any shape.
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it's non-corroding.
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High wear resistivity and moisture absorbance.
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High thermal resistivity under non oxygen atmosphere.
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High modules {200~650Gpa} and high rigidity.
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
http://www.cksinfo.com/clipart/traffic/bicycles/bicycle-yellow.png
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http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_473nrD5vEv8/SLfbra-cE-I/AAAAAAAAAvA/TqwXU4i-37o/s400/old-bicycle.jpg
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http://ezinearticles.com/?Comparison-of-Bicycle-Frame-Materials&id=692567
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http://www.exploratorium.edu/cycling/frames1.html\
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http://www.marketresearchlatinamerica.com/wp-content/colombia_steel.jpg
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http://www.oberlin.edu/recycle/facts.html
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http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_are_the_advantages_and_disadvantages_of_steel_as_a_structural_material
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http://www.mainrecycling.com/_images/products/AluminumWheels.jpg
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sam.davyson.com/.../aluminium/.../structure.html
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium
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http://www.temcor.com/alum_advantages.php
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http://www.gharexpert.com/articles/Aluminium-Doors-192/What-advantages-disadvantages-Alumi_0.aspx
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http://www.sydneyoraldesign.com.au/new_titanium.htm
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http://www.webelements.com/titanium/contents.html
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We hope you like it.
By Hiba and Ragad