Chapter 8

Network Management

Organization Management

Risk Assessment & Management

Service Management

Performance Management

Problem Management

Security Management

Change Management

Capacity Management
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 Two
primary objectives of network management are
To satisfy system users.
To provide cost effective solutions to an organization’s
telecommunication requirements.
 Network
management has two side
Organization management
Technology management
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 Organization
Management require classical functions of
Planning
Organizing
Staffing
Directing
Controlling
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
There are three levels of planning

Operational planning: deals with day-to-day operations of the
organization and its resource usage. The time period is only days or
weeks.

Tactical planning: deals with acquisition, training, inventory purchase
and storage of resources for future operations. The time period is
usually a year.

Strategic planning: deals with the long term vision of the organization.
The time period is 1-5 years.
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 The
main function of organizing is establishing the
relationship among various entities of an organization.
 Organizing
can be done at an operational level or strategic
level.
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 The
main function of staffing is the acquisition, retention, and
training of qualified personal who can plan, define, install,
operate, and maintain the communication technologies to
support the business.
 The
level of staffing depends on the complexity of the
communication network and the maintained of the network.
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 Data
Communication Manager: person who has the ability to
grasp technical and business needs. This person will
interpret the business need and direct other people and
vendors to develop a data communication plan.
 Designer
& Implementers: this group consist of engineers
who find solutions to the business problems and
opportunities to support the solution.
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 Network
Operation Staff: this group will carry on the day-to-
day activities of the communication network. They must be
technically competent to resolve any issue quickly.
 Administrative
Support Staff: this group is responsible for
administrative work like accounting, inventory, and general
administrative task.
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 Directing
is a management function, that involves supervisory
work of getting people to successfully perform the required
tasks.
 The
primary skill is dealing with the people to get complex
jobs done; this requires leadership.
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 In
Controlling, we control the usage of data communication
network.
 This
involves inventory management, bandwidth usage,
security and disaster recovery management issues.
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 Telecommunication
Management: This involves the management
of telecommunication functions and staff. It requires organization,
planning and leadership skills to get the work done.
 Telecommunication
Capabilities: They are very technical in nature.
They are hardware, software and engineering oriented. It requires
people with special skills are required to carry out these tasks.
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 Network
operations is the management of the physical
network resources.
 Employees
in this group monitor the network traffic flow,
paths, routers etc.
 Network
operations are carried out from an off-site location,
generally a central control room.
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 Network
management allows network managers to see the
real-time operation of the network.
 Network
management software allows the network managers
to remotely observer and control the network parameters.
 Network
management software is very important in recording
and reporting for service level agreement (SLA).
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
SNMP and CMIP are the network management protocols that facilitate
the exchange of management data among network nodes.

SNMP is an application layer protocol that outlines the formal structure
for communication among network devices.

SNMP is used in an environment in which multiple management stations
control devices remotely over the network.

SNMP allows the network managers to get the status of devices and to
set or initialize them.
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 Important
components of SNMP
Containing details of how every piece of information regarding the device is
represented.
Defining the hardware and software elements to be monitored.
Contains a control console to which network monitoring and management
information is reported.
 CMIP
is a new and complex protocol developed by ISO to
exchange messages among network components.
 SNMP
and CMIP are not interoperable
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
Risk assessment involves a methodological investigation of the organizations
resources, personal, procedures and objectives to determine points of
weakness.

Risk management is the science and art of recognizing the existence of
threats, determining their consequences to resources, and applying
modification factors in cost-effective manner to keep adverse consequences
within bounds.

Risk management is the analysis and subsequent actions taken to ensure that
organizations can continue to operate under any foreseeable conditions, such
as war, accident, labor strike and natural calamities.
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 Service
management is a set of technologies and
organization principles for monitoring the interrelationships of
network component.
 Many
organization have achieved increases in productivity,
user satisfaction and reduced downtime.
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 Communication
network are designed and implemented to
provide some services to an organization or a customer.
 These
services are mutually agreed and formally
documented in a SLA.
 While
developing a SLA factors such as total cost of
ownership (TOC) and quality of service (QoS) must be
addressed.
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 Committed
information rate (CIR) is a agreement where the
vendor guarantees a specific service and states the penalties.
 The
operations group is responsible for collecting and measuring
the performance parameters like transaction time, circuit error,
transaction mixes, and overall service levels.
 Management
reporting means that the operations group takes
their measurements and reports to the customer/ management the
activities and the success of the telecommunication capabilities
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 Configuration
management continuously displays the present
state of the network; a baseline of reports will show the present
operation status of this network.

A primary reason for configuration management is to plan for
normal growth and expansion, and to provide contingency
resources needed during unplanned events.
 Expansion
and growth can be forecasted based on present use,
trend and known plans.
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 Problem
management is the process of quickly handling a
problem from its initial recognition to its satisfactory
resolution.
 Documentation
is an important step in problem management.
All the problems, solutions, time to fix the problems and the
person responsible for fixing the problems are documented
for future use.
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 Security
management is the set of functions that protect
telecommunication networks and systems from unauthorized
access; creating and controlling the security policies.
 The
goal of security management is to control access to
network resources according to set of policies and
procedures.
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 Monitoring
employees within an organization is a very
important security measure.
 Focus
is on monitoring unauthorized usage of organizational
recourses like computers and bandwidth.
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 When
the environment is highly dynamic and users are requesting
changes rapidly, lack of coordination of changes can lead to
disaster.
 Change
management provides monitoring to the installed network
in a planned, coordinated way.
 Change
management includes a process for approving requests
and documenting them to always know the installed environment.
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 Network
administrators and managers must document the
resources currently being used and the growth capability.
 Capacity
planning is a continuous process that involves
forecasting nodes, circuits, channels, and bandwidth to
accommodate the present need and the future requirements.
 In
order to do capacity planning, the network manager should
have knowledge of operational, management and strategic plan of
the organization.
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
The institute for Computer Capacity Management has provided three elements
for capacity planning:

Workload Characteristics:
 Collect data regularly and identify the trend
 Create a baseline of the current workload for forecasting

Forecasting:
 Determine the desire end result capability and the applications that are planned within an
organization

Performance Prediction:
 Build a model, test the work load at peak periods and perform capacity planning annually
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 Any
organization is prone to a disaster like earthquake, floods and
hurricanes.
 A disaster
plan requires procedures that occur everyday to allow
recovery after a disaster and permit the organization to continue
operations.
 Disaster
plan provides the place, procedures, and equipment to
make use of those data for continued operation.
 Disaster
plan is also referred as business continuity plan.
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 On
of the methods to mitigate the risk is the use redundant
network resources.
 A communication
network must have many servers, routers
and path. If one breaks down, other can be used.
 Data
backup can also be used to mitigate the risk of loosing
critical data. Data should be backed up on multiple devices
and preferably in different locations.
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