CHAPTER 21
SHADOWS OVER THE PACIFIC: EAST ASIA UNDER CHALLENGE
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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. The Manchu Dynasty did not fall because of
a. discreet Japanese economic pressure.
b. pressures placed upon it by Western imperialism.
c. its growing inability to control Chinese society.
d. constant Chinese population growth.
2. Lord Macartney’s trip to Beijing in 1793
a. resulted in his being refused permission to go to the capital.
b. created a scandal because Macartney tried to sell opium to local businessmen.
c. was the primary action leading to the fall of the Qing.
d. failed, as the Chinese government did not want additional trade with Britain.
3. To try to increase trade profits in China, the British
a. seized Taiwan as their first Chinese “colony” in 1827.
b. had Lords Macartney and Amherst successfully negotiate broadened British
trading rights with the Chinese.
c. invaded China in 1816 and took control of all south China seaports.
d. shipped large amounts of opium into China at a massive profit.
5. The Opium War
a. finally forced China to cease selling opium in India and Singapore.
b. was ended by the Treaty of Taiwan.
c. gave Britain control of Hong Kong.
d. ended with a British defeat.
7. The so-called “barren rock” which Great Britain gained as a result of the Opium War
was
a. Port Arthur.
b. Shanghai.
c. Hong Kong.
d. Beijing.
8. The Taiping Rebellion
a. began in Tibet, and was “created” by Russia.
b. began in Vietnam and spread only into north China.
c. was crushed by a “blended” army of British, French and United States troops.
d. “peaked” with the rebel capture of the old Ming capital of Nanjing.
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9. Hong Xiuquan
a. was the Christian leader of the Taiping Rebellion.
b. was a retired houseboy who became emperor in 1855.
c. was angered by government expenditures to widen and deepen the Grand
Canal.
d. supported the Qing during the Taiping Rebellion.
10. The Treaty of Tianjin
a. allowed Japan to take over Korea.
b. made the Chinese opium trade legal.
c. closed all Chinese ports to foreign trade.
d. gave the British the Liaodong Peninsula in 1875.
13. The “spheres of influence”
a. were set up in Korea and Annam to enhance Chinese power in both areas.
b. were first created when the United States gained permanent control of the
island of Chusan in 1848.
c. enabled the Manchus to regain their power base in their Manchurian heartland.
d. were in part the result of the ability of local strongmen to sell exclusive
economic privileges to
foreign governments and their merchants.
14. In 1894, the Qing went to war with Japan over
a. Tibet.
b. Korea.
c. Vietnam.
d. Laos.
15. The Sino-Japanese War
a. marked the acceptance of Western-style imperialism by China when it took
Korea from Japan.
b. began as each country tried to keep the other from taking over Tibet.
c. became a two-power conflict when Russia refused to honor its alliance with
Japan.
d. forced China to cede Taiwan and the Liaodong peninsula to Japan.
16. With an aroused concern over the emergence of Japanese imperialist power in 1894,
the European powers forced the Japanese to
a. assume responsibility for the Philippine islands.
b. give up the Shandong Peninsula.
c. give up Canton and also Macao.
d. return the Liaodong Peninsula to China.
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20. The United States Secretary of State who proposed the Open Door Policy was
a. Robert LaFollette.
b. John Marshall.
c. Richard Olney.
d. John Hay.
21. The Open Door Policy
a. was initiated by the German government.
b. formally terminated the spheres of influence in China.
c. increased Western control over tariffs and quotas within each sphere of
influence.
d. served mainly to calm the increasingly frantic pace of Western imperialism in
China.
22. The Boxer Rebellion
a. started after a riot initiated by kickboxing fans.
b. was an uprising by a secret society opposed to foreign economic imperialism.
c. was a reaction to the invasion of southwest China by Thai guerrilla troops.
d. successfully occupied Beijing, murdering all of the non-Chinese inhabitants.
23. In the years after the Boxer Rebellion the
a. Manchu leader, Sun Yat-sen, abdicated.
b. Manchus resorted to reactionary repression throughout China.
c. Manchus refused to institute even limited reforms.
d. slow pace of reform served to intensify revolutionary fervor among the new
reformist elite.
24. All of the following about the Empress Dowager are correct except she
a. was power-hungry and self-centered.
b. placed her nephew on the throne and then imprisoned him in a palace coup.
c. had once been an imperial concubine.
d. abandoned her Manchu connections and adopted western democracy reforms.
25. The medical doctor who formed the Revive China Society was
a. Cixi.
b. Kang Youwei.
c. Sun Yat-sen.
d. Chiang Kai-shek.
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26. Sun’s plan for revolution in China called for the overthrow of the Manchu Dynasty,
followed initially by the
a. takeover of the country by the military.
b. expulsion of foreign missionaries and businessmen.
c. institutionalization of democratic republicanism in China.
d. execution of anyone opposing the revolution.
28. China’s “last emperor” was
a. Mao Zedong.
b. Guangxu.
c. Kuang Hsu.
d. Puyi.
29. The Chinese revolution of 1911
a. was the first successful Marxist revolution in history.
b. left a power vacuum in the country due to the collapse of the Manchu Dynasty.
c. was the event that gave reformers the power they needed to immediately
establish democracy.
d. was seen by the West as their greatest achievement.
30. The Manchu general who became the president of a new Chinese republic in 1912
was
a. Yuan Gromyko.
b. Henry Pu Yi.
c. Kuang Hsu.
d. Yuan Shikai.
31. The Tokugawa regime in Japan maintained formal diplomatic relations only with
a. the Dutch Republic.
b. Korea.
c. Vietnam.
d. China.
33. The Japanese opening to the West resulted from
a. the naval expeditions of Commodore Perry.
b. the diplomatic efforts of Lord Amherst.
c. the aftermath of the Plague of 1853.
d. the vote of a two-thirds majority in the Diet.
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36. Extraterritoriality
a. had been granted to foreigners in China since the last years of the Ming
Dynasty.
b. was granted to Americans in Japan by the terms of the treaty of 1858.
c. was granted to Chinese residents in the United States in 1849.
d. was refused by the Meiji government as contrary to international law.
37. The capital under the Meiji Restoration was moved from
a. Kyoto to Sapporo.
b. Osaka to Shimonoseki.
c. Tokyo to Nagasaki.
d. Kyoto to Tokyo.
38. The new modernizing policies of the Meiji Restoration included the
a. restoration of the hereditary privileges of the daimyo.
b. retained the traditional warrior class system.
c. confiscation of the lands controlled by the daimyo.
d. enslavement of the samurai.
39. After the fall of the shogunate, the
a. hereditary rights of the daimyo were strengthened.
b. eta were given legally recognized freedom.
c. samurai were forced to surrender their swords and other arms, after which all
but a handful of them quickly became impoverished.
d. emperor now actually guided governmental activities, in sharp contrast to the
status of his predecessors under the Tokugawa regime.
41. The Progressive constitution adopted by the Japanese in 1890, with authority placed
in the executive branch of the government, was modeled on the government of
a. China.
b. Germany.
c. Great Britain.
d. Russia.
42. In the system developed under the Meiji Restoration, it is argued that Japan became
a. a “modern,” one-party dictatorship.
b. a practicing Western-type republican democracy.
c. an updated version of the oligarchy that it succeeded.
d. an imperial slaveocracy.
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45. Meiji economic policies
a. included a new agricultural land tax which did not generate a great deal of
revenue but profited many peasants.
b. developed a closely linked business-government relationship which
accelerated industrial growth, in armaments and shipbuilding as well as
silk and tea.
c. were held back by the tradition-based belief that Japanese women should not
work in factories.
d. concentrated upon rural development at the expense of industrialization.
48. Japanese imperialism
a. was able to acquire colonial territory in Africa only in 1911.
b. significantly strengthened the myth of European imperialist invincibility with its
defeat by Russia in 1905.
c. reached an agreement in which Japan accepted United States control over the
Philippines in return for the latter’s recognition of Japanese annexation of
Korea.
d. suffered a defeat in its attempt to take over Korea.
50. Japanese culture during the Meiji Restoration
a. was unaffected by foreign influences, unlike the economic and governmental
areas of Japanese life.
b. was characterized by a period of fascination with Western art, followed by a
period of reaction, during which artists searched for authentic Japanese
modes of statement.
c. included poetry influenced by Abstract Expressionism and Classic
Romanticism.
d. was ignored by European and North American artists and writers.
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