WATER, WATER
EVERYWHERE…
NOT A DROP TO DRINK
SOUNDTRACK: HTTP://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=P6VT8_YXNVW
GLOBAL WATER SUPPLY
• OCEANS – 97% OF ALL WATER ON EARTH
• TOO SALTY FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION
• POLAR ICE CAPS – 80% OF ALL FRESHWATER ON EARTH
• TOO FROZEN FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION
• REMAINING LIQUID WATER – 99.5% IS POLLUTED, TOO FAR
UNDERGROUND, OR TRAPPED IN SOIL
• HUMANS CAN ONLY CONSUME 0.5% OF ALL THE WATER ON EARTH
FACTS AND FIGURES
• 1.1 BILLION PEOPLE LIVE WITHOUT CLEAN DRINKING WATER
• 2.6 BILLION PEOPLE LACK ADEQUATE SANITATION
• 1.8 MILLION PEOPLE DIE EVERY YEAR FROM DIARRHEAL DISEASES
• 3 900 CHILDREN DIE EVERY DAY FROM WATER BORNE DISEASES
WATER AVAILABILITY VIDEO
• HTTP://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=HW5EBFZHE4M
WATERSHEDS
• DEFINITION: A WATERSHED - IS THE AREA OF LAND WHERE ALL OF
THE WATER THAT IS UNDER IT OR DRAINS OFF OF IT GOES INTO THE
SAME PLACE
• AKA: DRAINAGE BASINS
• INCLUDES: SURFACE WATER, GROUND WATER, LAKES, RIVERS,
WETLANDS, AND AQUIFERS
Divide
Tributaries
Basin
WATERSHED VOCABULARY
• DIVIDE (RIDGE) – THE LINE SEPARATING DRAINAGE BASINS
• TRIBUTARY – A SMALL, SOMETIMES TEMPORARY STREAM THAT EMPTIES
INTO A LARGER RIVER
• OVERLAND FLOW (SURFACE WATER) – WATER THAT COLLECTS ON
THE GROUND (CATCHMENTS)
• BASIN – AN AREA WHERE THE WATER COLLECTS IN A SINGLE AREA
• GROUND WATER – WATER THAT IS LOCATED IN SOIL SPACES AND
ROCK FRACTURES
WATERSHED VIDEO
• HTTP://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=PAZNDNOCXPQ
AQUIFER
• AQUIFER – A SATURATED GEOLOGIC UNIT THAT CAN MOVE GROUND
WATER UNDER A NORMAL GRADIENT
AQUIFER VOCAB
• WATER TABLE – THE UPPER SURFACE OF GROUND WATER
• UNCONFINED AQUIFER - WATER SEEPS FROM THE GROUND SURFACE
DIRECTLY ABOVE THE AQUIFER
• CONFINED AQUIFER – LIES BENEATH AN IMPERMEABLE ROCK LAYER;
WATER MUST ENTER FROM FAR AWAY WHERE THE ROCK LAYER
DOESN’T EXIST
MORE AQUIFER VOCAB
• ARTESIAN AQUIFER – CONFINED AQUIFER THAT EXHIBITS A LARGE
AMOUNT OF PRESSURE; PRODUCES SPRINGS/WELLS
• RECHARGE – PROCESS OF SURFACE WATER MOVING TO GROUND
WATER, USUALLY BY RAIN
• HTTP://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=5TNONC-HF2S
AQUIFER VIDEO
POINT SOURCES OF POLLUTION
• POINT SOURCES IS POLLUTION
DISCHARGED FROM CLEARLY
DEFINED POINT
• MAJOR SOURCE -WASTEWATER
DISCHARGED BY INDUSTRIAL AND
MUNICIPAL SEWAGE PLANTS
• CAN CONTAIN HARMFUL SUBSTANCES
AND LOWER DISSOLVED OXYGEN
NONPOINT POLLUTION SOURCES
• NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION
DOES NOT ORIGINATE FROM A
CLEARLY DEFINED POINT
• RUNOFF CARRIES NATURAL AND
MAN-MADE POLLUTION
• EXAMPLES:
• BACTERIA AND VIRUSES
• NUTRIENTS (PHOSPHATES AND
NITRATES)
• SEDIMENT
• TOXIC AND HAZARDOUS
SUBSTANCES